----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- log: C:\DATA\ethdis-replication.txt log type: text opened on: 25 May 2009, 12:27:45 . set memory 50M; Current memory allocation current memory usage settable value description (1M = 1024k) -------------------------------------------------------------------- set maxvar 5000 max. variables allowed 1.733M set memory 50M max. data space 50.000M set matsize 800 max. RHS vars in models 4.950M ----------- 56.682M . use ethdis-replicate.dta; . set more off; . set matsize 800; Current memory allocation current memory usage settable value description (1M = 1024k) -------------------------------------------------------------------- set maxvar 5000 max. variables allowed 1.733M set memory 50M max. data space 50.000M set matsize 800 max. RHS vars in models 4.950M ----------- 56.682M . sort numcode year; . tsset numcode year; panel variable: numcode, 201 to 95005 time variable: year, 1950 to 2003 . /*recoding "not applicable" codings on parcomp and xrcomp*/ > > replace xrcomp2=1 if xrcomp2<1; (6019 real changes made) . replace parcomp2=1 if parcomp2<1; (866 real changes made) . /*rescaling democracy components*/ > gen xconst2=1-((7-xconst)/6); . drop xconst; . rename xconst2 xconst; . gen xrcomp=1-((3-xrcomp2)/2); (129 missing values generated) . gen parcomp=1-((5-parcomp2)/4); (129 missing values generated) . drop xrcomp2 parcomp2; . /*recode regional base as dummy*/ > replace gc2=0 if gc2==2; (18320 real changes made) . /*interpolating values for gdp2*/ > > by numcode: ipolate gdp2 year, gen(gdppc); (795 missing values generated) . /*logged variables*/ > gen lgdp=ln(gdppc); (795 missing values generated) . gen lpop=ln(gpop); . gen lcntpop=ln(cntpop); . /*coding year1 as years since 1950*/ > gen year1=year-1950; . /*recoding openness as decimal*/ > replace openk=openk/100; (35148 real changes made) . /*recoding fdi as decimal*/ > replace fdiinward=fdiinward/100; (18636 real changes made) . /*recoding gdp growth as decimal*/ > replace grgdpch=grgdpch/100; (34482 real changes made) . /*recoding discrimination variables*/ > gen pdiscr=.; (40138 missing values generated) . replace pdiscr=1 if poldis==4; (3521 real changes made) . replace pdiscr=0 if poldis<4; (11156 real changes made) . gen ediscr=.; (40138 missing values generated) . replace ediscr=1 if ecdis==4; (2103 real changes made) . replace ediscr=0 if ecdis<4; (12562 real changes made) . /*lags*/ > gen pdiscrl=L.pdiscr; (25838 missing values generated) . gen ediscrl=L.ediscr; (25849 missing values generated) . gen xconstl=L.xconst; (981 missing values generated) . gen xrcompl=L.xrcomp; (1070 missing values generated) . gen parcompl=L.parcomp; (1070 missing values generated) . gen polity2l=L.polity2; (981 missing values generated) . /*dummy for majority groups*/ > > gen maj=0; . replace maj=1 if gpro>.5; (4270 real changes made) . /*dummies for basis, region, country*/ > > xi i.basis i.region ; i.basis _Ibasis_1-5 (naturally coded; _Ibasis_1 omitted) i.region _Iregion_0-7 (naturally coded; _Iregion_0 omitted) . /*predicting selection*/ > > probit heckman _Iregion* _Ibasis* gc2 lpop _gpop lcntpop _cntpop lgdp immig immig2 maj gpro year1 grgdpch polity2l minaut autpow if dom > _min==0; Iteration 0: log likelihood = -19609.328 Iteration 1: log likelihood = -15837.855 Iteration 2: log likelihood = -15727.07 Iteration 3: log likelihood = -15725.927 Iteration 4: log likelihood = -15725.926 Probit estimates Number of obs = 29209 LR chi2(24) = 7766.80 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000 Log likelihood = -15725.926 Pseudo R2 = 0.1980 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ heckman | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- _Iregion_2 | .9946682 .040532 24.54 0.000 .9152269 1.074109 _Iregion_3 | .3151765 .0410526 7.68 0.000 .2347149 .3956381 _Iregion_5 | .801391 .0458329 17.49 0.000 .7115601 .8912218 _Iregion_6 | .4462764 .0486822 9.17 0.000 .3508611 .5416916 _Iregion_7 | .6017517 .042353 14.21 0.000 .5187413 .6847621 _Ibasis_2 | .6599049 .0380581 17.34 0.000 .5853124 .7344973 _Ibasis_3 | -.0094549 .0335057 -0.28 0.778 -.0751249 .056215 _Ibasis_4 | 1.125326 .0256349 43.90 0.000 1.075083 1.175569 _Ibasis_5 | .7291514 .030357 24.02 0.000 .6696529 .78865 gc2 | .4346111 .0217609 19.97 0.000 .3919605 .4772617 lpop | .1454252 .0108428 13.41 0.000 .1241736 .1666767 _gpop | .9284667 .0859372 10.80 0.000 .7600328 1.096901 lcntpop | .0214137 .0108313 1.98 0.048 .0001847 .0426426 _cntpop | .3830863 .1040539 3.68 0.000 .1791444 .5870282 lgdp | .1621778 .0137649 11.78 0.000 .1351991 .1891565 immig | .7471326 .0329025 22.71 0.000 .6826448 .8116204 immig2 | -.6947144 .0433366 -16.03 0.000 -.7796526 -.6097762 maj | -.2362453 .0913865 -2.59 0.010 -.4153595 -.0571312 gpro | .8475783 .1428057 5.94 0.000 .5676843 1.127472 year1 | -.0084386 .0006586 -12.81 0.000 -.0097295 -.0071476 grgdpch | -.1174351 .1161538 -1.01 0.312 -.3450924 .1102222 polity2l | .0031954 .0014726 2.17 0.030 .0003092 .0060815 minaut | .1933157 .0238532 8.10 0.000 .1465643 .2400671 autpow | .0588355 .0129442 4.55 0.000 .0334654 .0842056 _cons | -4.924558 .2101467 -23.43 0.000 -5.336438 -4.512678 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . lstat; Probit model for heckman -------- True -------- Classified | D ~D | Total -----------+--------------------------+----------- + | 6567 2937 | 9504 - | 4999 14706 | 19705 -----------+--------------------------+----------- Total | 11566 17643 | 29209 Classified + if predicted Pr(D) >= .5 True D defined as heckman != 0 -------------------------------------------------- Sensitivity Pr( +| D) 56.78% Specificity Pr( -|~D) 83.35% Positive predictive value Pr( D| +) 69.10% Negative predictive value Pr(~D| -) 74.63% -------------------------------------------------- False + rate for true ~D Pr( +|~D) 16.65% False - rate for true D Pr( -| D) 43.22% False + rate for classified + Pr(~D| +) 30.90% False - rate for classified - Pr( D| -) 25.37% -------------------------------------------------- Correctly classified 72.83% -------------------------------------------------- . fitstat; Measures of Fit for probit of heckman Log-Lik Intercept Only: -19609.328 Log-Lik Full Model: -15725.926 D(29184): 31451.852 LR(24): 7766.803 Prob > LR: 0.000 McFadden's R2: 0.198 McFadden's Adj R2: 0.197 Maximum Likelihood R2: 0.233 Cragg & Uhler's R2: 0.316 McKelvey and Zavoina's R2: 0.361 Efron's R2: 0.245 Variance of y*: 1.565 Variance of error: 1.000 Count R2: 0.728 Adj Count R2: 0.314 AIC: 1.078 AIC*n: 31501.852 BIC: -268624.812 BIC': -7520.030 . /*interactions for Markov probit models*/ > gen yearp=pdiscrl*year1; (25838 missing values generated) . gen yeare=ediscrl*year1; (25849 missing values generated) . gen gprop=pdiscrl*gpro; (25838 missing values generated) . gen gproe=ediscrl*gpro; (25849 missing values generated) . gen lgdpp=pdiscrl*lgdp; (26234 missing values generated) . gen lgdpe=ediscrl*lgdp; (26245 missing values generated) . gen grgdpp=pdiscrl*grgdpch; (27700 missing values generated) . gen grgdpe=ediscrl*grgdpch; (27719 missing values generated) . gen openkp=pdiscrl*openk; (27583 missing values generated) . gen openke=ediscrl*openk; (27602 missing values generated) . gen fdip=pdiscrl*fdiinward; (32722 missing values generated) . gen fdie=ediscrl*fdiinward; (32750 missing values generated) . gen gc2p=pdiscrl*gc2; (25838 missing values generated) . gen gc2e=ediscrl*gc2; (25849 missing values generated) . gen immigp=pdiscrl*immig; (25838 missing values generated) . gen immige=ediscrl*immig; (25849 missing values generated) . gen immig2p=pdiscrl*immig2; (25838 missing values generated) . gen immig2e=ediscrl*immig2; (25849 missing values generated) . gen minautp=pdiscrl*minaut; (25838 missing values generated) . gen minaute=ediscrl*minaut; (25849 missing values generated) . gen autpowp=pdiscrl*autpow; (25838 missing values generated) . gen autpowe=ediscrl*autpow; (25849 missing values generated) . gen xconstp=xconstl*pdiscrl; (25838 missing values generated) . gen xconste=xconstl*ediscrl; (25849 missing values generated) . gen xrcompp=xrcompl*pdiscrl; (25866 missing values generated) . gen xrcompe=xrcompl*ediscrl; (25877 missing values generated) . gen parcompp=parcompl*pdiscrl; (25866 missing values generated) . gen parcompe=parcompl*ediscrl; (25877 missing values generated) . summarize year1 lgdp openk grgdpch fdiinward xconstl xrcompl parcompl gc2 immig immig2 minaut autpow if dom_min==0; Variable | Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max -------------+-------------------------------------------------------- year1 | 34345 29.14063 14.94999 0 53 lgdp | 33623 7.901431 1.15863 4.934663 11.07659 openk | 30012 .5703491 .5255056 .0200396 9.864522 grgdpch | 29450 .0189074 .0769536 -.6331857 1.510646 fdiinward | 17442 .2528465 1.129788 0 18.2665 -------------+-------------------------------------------------------- xconstl | 33505 .4553102 .3744629 0 1 xrcompl | 33429 .3856993 .4651453 0 1 parcompl | 33429 .3692694 .3754625 0 1 gc2 | 34345 .5811326 .4933808 0 1 immig | 34345 .1591789 .3658482 0 1 -------------+-------------------------------------------------------- immig2 | 34345 .0748581 .263166 0 1 minaut | 34345 .1896928 .3920637 0 1 autpow | 34345 .2219828 .6607354 0 3 . /*Tables I-III*/ > > /*political discrimination, Heckman FIML Markov probit*/ > > heckprob pdiscr pdiscrl year1 lgdp grgdpch xconstl xrcompl parcompl gc2 immig minaut autpow > yearp lgdpp grgdpp xconstp xrcompp parcompp gc2p immigp minautp autpowp if dom_min==0, > sel(heckman = _Ibasis* _Iregion* lpop _gpop lcntpop _cntpop maj year1 gpro lgdp grgdpch polity2l gc2 immig immig2 minaut autpow > ) > cluster(ccode) fir noskip; model LR test inappropriate with robust covariance estimates, option skip ignored and performing Wald test instead Fitting probit model: Iteration 0: log pseudo-likelihood = -6330.8434 Iteration 1: log pseudo-likelihood = -1565.3093 Iteration 2: log pseudo-likelihood = -1077.2633 Iteration 3: log pseudo-likelihood = -1015.5073 Iteration 4: log pseudo-likelihood = -1010.1291 Iteration 5: log pseudo-likelihood = -1009.9882 Iteration 6: log pseudo-likelihood = -1009.988 Iteration 7: log pseudo-likelihood = -1009.988 Fitting selection model: Iteration 0: log pseudo-likelihood = -19389.227 Iteration 1: log pseudo-likelihood = -15629.76 Iteration 2: log pseudo-likelihood = -15518.113 Iteration 3: log pseudo-likelihood = -15516.98 Iteration 4: log pseudo-likelihood = -15516.978 Probit estimates Number of obs = 28973 LR chi2(24) = 7744.50 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000 Log pseudo-likelihood = -15516.978 Pseudo R2 = 0.1997 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ heckman | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- _Ibasis_2 | .6837837 .0382433 17.88 0.000 .6088282 .7587393 _Ibasis_3 | -.003754 .0337369 -0.11 0.911 -.0698771 .062369 _Ibasis_4 | 1.135691 .0257095 44.17 0.000 1.085302 1.186081 _Ibasis_5 | .7153202 .0306037 23.37 0.000 .6553379 .7753024 _Iregion_2 | .99374 .040725 24.40 0.000 .9139204 1.07356 _Iregion_3 | .3139591 .0412354 7.61 0.000 .2331393 .3947789 _Iregion_5 | .7740257 .0460552 16.81 0.000 .6837592 .8642923 _Iregion_6 | .4406626 .0489364 9.00 0.000 .344749 .5365763 _Iregion_7 | .6143386 .0424939 14.46 0.000 .5310522 .6976251 lpop | .1447829 .0109018 13.28 0.000 .1234157 .1661501 _gpop | .9168915 .0859271 10.67 0.000 .7484775 1.085305 lcntpop | .0225641 .0108995 2.07 0.038 .0012016 .0439267 _cntpop | .3707796 .1043874 3.55 0.000 .166184 .5753752 maj | -.2351125 .0916024 -2.57 0.010 -.41465 -.0555751 year1 | -.0081056 .0006621 -12.24 0.000 -.0094034 -.0068079 gpro | .8629715 .1434146 6.02 0.000 .5818841 1.144059 lgdp | .1724037 .0138555 12.44 0.000 .1452475 .1995599 grgdpch | -.1249696 .1173354 -1.07 0.287 -.3549428 .1050036 polity2l | .0026503 .0014814 1.79 0.074 -.0002532 .0055538 gc2 | .4587632 .0220076 20.85 0.000 .4156291 .5018972 immig | .7619004 .0330544 23.05 0.000 .697115 .8266857 immig2 | -.7037778 .0435541 -16.16 0.000 -.7891423 -.6184134 minaut | .1643002 .0240032 6.84 0.000 .1172548 .2113456 autpow | .0556967 .0130364 4.27 0.000 .0301459 .0812476 _cons | -5.025081 .2110379 -23.81 0.000 -5.438708 -4.611455 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Fitting starting values: Iteration 0: log pseudo-likelihood = -7853.3576 Iteration 1: log pseudo-likelihood = -1840.7443 Iteration 2: log pseudo-likelihood = -1128.793 Iteration 3: log pseudo-likelihood = -1023.9367 Iteration 4: log pseudo-likelihood = -1010.7672 Iteration 5: log pseudo-likelihood = -1009.9527 Iteration 6: log pseudo-likelihood = -1009.9464 Iteration 7: log pseudo-likelihood = -1009.9464 Fitting full model Iteration 0: log pseudo-likelihood = -16526.925 Iteration 1: log pseudo-likelihood = -16526.924 Probit model with sample selection Number of obs = 28973 Censored obs = 17643 Uncensored obs = 11330 Wald chi2(21) = 5595.21 Log pseudo-likelihood = -16526.92 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000 (standard errors adjusted for clustering on ccode) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Robust | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- pdiscr | pdiscrl | 2.308687 .5539045 4.17 0.000 1.223054 3.39432 year1 | .0058426 .0030106 1.94 0.052 -.0000581 .0117432 lgdp | -.1850133 .0547952 -3.38 0.001 -.29241 -.0776166 grgdpch | -2.089486 .5451981 -3.83 0.000 -3.158055 -1.020918 xconstl | -.5984628 .2231318 -2.68 0.007 -1.035793 -.1611326 xrcompl | .6431266 .2326634 2.76 0.006 .1871146 1.099139 parcompl | -.5585634 .3235411 -1.73 0.084 -1.192692 .0755656 gc2 | .0596352 .1035976 0.58 0.565 -.1434122 .2626827 immig | -.0005256 .1320717 -0.00 0.997 -.2593813 .2583301 minaut | -.0571925 .1278716 -0.45 0.655 -.3078163 .1934312 autpow | -.0143013 .0524119 -0.27 0.785 -.1170268 .0884241 yearp | -.0231474 .003901 -5.93 0.000 -.0307932 -.0155015 lgdpp | .2992569 .0710341 4.21 0.000 .1600326 .4384812 grgdpp | 1.946721 .9334069 2.09 0.037 .1172771 3.776165 xconstp | .5478349 .3495394 1.57 0.117 -.1372497 1.232919 xrcompp | -.2815584 .3072504 -0.92 0.359 -.8837581 .3206413 parcompp | .0203872 .3150498 0.06 0.948 -.597099 .6378735 gc2p | -.20338 .1327835 -1.53 0.126 -.4636308 .0568709 immigp | .2785175 .1934444 1.44 0.150 -.1006266 .6576617 minautp | -.092527 .1483705 -0.62 0.533 -.3833279 .1982739 autpowp | -.2607388 .0743026 -3.51 0.000 -.4063692 -.1151084 _cons | -.8236227 .4321156 -1.91 0.057 -1.670554 .0233083 -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- heckman | _Ibasis_2 | .6835049 .1538949 4.44 0.000 .3818765 .9851333 _Ibasis_3 | -.003666 .2242932 -0.02 0.987 -.4432726 .4359406 _Ibasis_4 | 1.135731 .1380021 8.23 0.000 .8652522 1.406211 _Ibasis_5 | .7152355 .1435715 4.98 0.000 .4338406 .9966304 _Iregion_2 | .9940074 .3522946 2.82 0.005 .3035227 1.684492 _Iregion_3 | .3137425 .3279074 0.96 0.339 -.3289442 .9564292 _Iregion_5 | .7738129 .4193199 1.85 0.065 -.0480389 1.595665 _Iregion_6 | .4407349 .4048703 1.09 0.276 -.3527964 1.234266 _Iregion_7 | .6143978 .2994748 2.05 0.040 .027438 1.201357 lpop | .1447852 .0626628 2.31 0.021 .0219683 .267602 _gpop | .9174662 .3566754 2.57 0.010 .2183953 1.616537 lcntpop | .0225478 .0841272 0.27 0.789 -.1423384 .187434 _cntpop | .3708495 .4323894 0.86 0.391 -.4766181 1.218317 maj | -.2346036 .3430934 -0.68 0.494 -.9070544 .4378472 year1 | -.0081064 .0032505 -2.49 0.013 -.0144772 -.0017355 gpro | .8627205 .693379 1.24 0.213 -.4962774 2.221718 lgdp | .1723769 .0964211 1.79 0.074 -.016605 .3613589 grgdpch | -.1249691 .1640464 -0.76 0.446 -.4464942 .196556 polity2l | .0026583 .0094613 0.28 0.779 -.0158854 .0212021 gc2 | .4587679 .1182487 3.88 0.000 .2270046 .6905312 immig | .7618174 .1649929 4.62 0.000 .4384373 1.085197 immig2 | -.7037494 .2503147 -2.81 0.005 -1.194357 -.2131416 minaut | .1642615 .1789038 0.92 0.359 -.1863835 .5149065 autpow | .0556864 .060539 0.92 0.358 -.062968 .1743407 _cons | -5.0253 1.368224 -3.67 0.000 -7.706969 -2.34363 -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- /athrho | .0255518 .1071832 0.24 0.812 -.1845234 .2356271 -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- rho | .0255463 .1071133 -.1824572 .2313611 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Wald test of indep. eqns. (rho = 0): chi2(1) = 0.06 Prob > chi2 = 0.8116 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . test year1+yearp=0; ( 1) [pdiscr]year1 + [pdiscr]yearp = 0 chi2( 1) = 19.73 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000 . test lgdp+lgdpp=0; ( 1) [pdiscr]lgdp + [pdiscr]lgdpp = 0 chi2( 1) = 5.36 Prob > chi2 = 0.0206 . test grgdpch+grgdpp=0; ( 1) [pdiscr]grgdpch + [pdiscr]grgdpp = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.04 Prob > chi2 = 0.8360 . test xconstl+xconstp=0; ( 1) [pdiscr]xconstl + [pdiscr]xconstp = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.04 Prob > chi2 = 0.8416 . test xrcompl+xrcompp=0; ( 1) [pdiscr]xrcompl + [pdiscr]xrcompp = 0 chi2( 1) = 3.14 Prob > chi2 = 0.0762 . test parcompl+parcompp=0; ( 1) [pdiscr]parcompl + [pdiscr]parcompp = 0 chi2( 1) = 7.43 Prob > chi2 = 0.0064 . test gc2+gc2p=0; ( 1) [pdiscr]gc2 + [pdiscr]gc2p = 0 chi2( 1) = 1.64 Prob > chi2 = 0.2009 . test immig+immigp=0; ( 1) [pdiscr]immig + [pdiscr]immigp = 0 chi2( 1) = 3.38 Prob > chi2 = 0.0661 . test minaut+minautp=0; ( 1) [pdiscr]minaut + [pdiscr]minautp = 0 chi2( 1) = 1.71 Prob > chi2 = 0.1913 . test autpow+autpowp=0; ( 1) [pdiscr]autpow + [pdiscr]autpowp = 0 chi2( 1) = 11.44 Prob > chi2 = 0.0007 . /*economic discrimination, Heckman FIML Markov probit*/ > > heckprob ediscr ediscrl year1 lgdp grgdpch xconstl xrcompl parcompl gc2 minaut autpow immig yeare lgdpe > grgdpe xconste xrcompe parcompe gc2e minaute autpowe immige if dom_min==0, > sel(heckman = _Ibasis* _Iregion* lpop _gpop lcntpop _cntpop maj year1 gpro lgdp grgdpch polity2l gc2 immig immig2 minaut autpow > ) > cluster(ccode) fir noskip; model LR test inappropriate with robust covariance estimates, option skip ignored and performing Wald test instead Fitting probit model: Iteration 0: log pseudo-likelihood = -4762.3243 Iteration 1: log pseudo-likelihood = -1009.8471 Iteration 2: log pseudo-likelihood = -632.15787 Iteration 3: log pseudo-likelihood = -580.44749 Iteration 4: log pseudo-likelihood = -574.63774 Iteration 5: log pseudo-likelihood = -574.30175 Iteration 6: log pseudo-likelihood = -574.29928 Iteration 7: log pseudo-likelihood = -574.29928 Fitting selection model: Iteration 0: log pseudo-likelihood = -19389.227 Iteration 1: log pseudo-likelihood = -15637.728 Iteration 2: log pseudo-likelihood = -15526.606 Iteration 3: log pseudo-likelihood = -15525.486 Iteration 4: log pseudo-likelihood = -15525.485 Probit estimates Number of obs = 28973 LR chi2(24) = 7727.49 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000 Log pseudo-likelihood = -15525.485 Pseudo R2 = 0.1993 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ heckman | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- _Ibasis_2 | .6827646 .0382447 17.85 0.000 .6078063 .7577229 _Ibasis_3 | -.0063081 .0337339 -0.19 0.852 -.0724253 .0598091 _Ibasis_4 | 1.1344 .0257055 44.13 0.000 1.084018 1.184782 _Ibasis_5 | .7133443 .0305886 23.32 0.000 .6533916 .7732969 _Iregion_2 | .9863388 .0407137 24.23 0.000 .9065413 1.066136 _Iregion_3 | .322465 .0412473 7.82 0.000 .2416217 .4033083 _Iregion_5 | .7738269 .0460536 16.80 0.000 .6835635 .8640902 _Iregion_6 | .4436753 .0489713 9.06 0.000 .3476933 .5396573 _Iregion_7 | .6166905 .0425135 14.51 0.000 .5333657 .7000153 lpop | .1443257 .0109029 13.24 0.000 .1229565 .165695 _gpop | .918681 .085855 10.70 0.000 .7504083 1.086954 lcntpop | .0222661 .0108995 2.04 0.041 .0009035 .0436286 _cntpop | .3747513 .1043632 3.59 0.000 .1702033 .5792994 maj | -.2315726 .0916195 -2.53 0.011 -.4111436 -.0520017 year1 | -.0081614 .0006624 -12.32 0.000 -.0094597 -.0068632 gpro | .8569607 .1434251 5.97 0.000 .5758528 1.138069 lgdp | .1743639 .0138607 12.58 0.000 .1471975 .2015303 grgdpch | -.1307425 .117359 -1.11 0.265 -.3607619 .0992768 polity2l | .002394 .0014799 1.62 0.106 -.0005065 .0052946 gc2 | .4578019 .0220049 20.80 0.000 .4146731 .5009308 immig | .762089 .0330552 23.06 0.000 .697302 .826876 immig2 | -.7035046 .0435503 -16.15 0.000 -.7888616 -.6181475 minaut | .1655901 .0240026 6.90 0.000 .118546 .2126343 autpow | .0587337 .013013 4.51 0.000 .0332287 .0842386 _cons | -5.039681 .2111085 -23.87 0.000 -5.453446 -4.625916 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Fitting starting values: Iteration 0: log pseudo-likelihood = -7853.3576 Iteration 1: log pseudo-likelihood = -1562.3557 Iteration 2: log pseudo-likelihood = -744.82851 Iteration 3: log pseudo-likelihood = -601.24305 Iteration 4: log pseudo-likelihood = -577.4284 Iteration 5: log pseudo-likelihood = -574.39545 Iteration 6: log pseudo-likelihood = -574.25629 Iteration 7: log pseudo-likelihood = -574.25581 Iteration 8: log pseudo-likelihood = -574.25581 Fitting full model Iteration 0: log pseudo-likelihood = -16099.74 Iteration 1: log pseudo-likelihood = -16099.74 Probit model with sample selection Number of obs = 28973 Censored obs = 17643 Uncensored obs = 11330 Wald chi2(21) = 3768.02 Log pseudo-likelihood = -16099.74 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000 (standard errors adjusted for clustering on ccode) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Robust | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- ediscr | ediscrl | 2.722933 .9670674 2.82 0.005 .8275159 4.618351 year1 | .0054765 .0044352 1.23 0.217 -.0032164 .0141695 lgdp | -.1631505 .0762549 -2.14 0.032 -.3126073 -.0136937 grgdpch | -1.045105 .6321938 -1.65 0.098 -2.284182 .1939721 xconstl | -.1561804 .4110481 -0.38 0.704 -.9618199 .6494591 xrcompl | .3201185 .3924819 0.82 0.415 -.4491318 1.089369 parcompl | -.5226374 .3762551 -1.39 0.165 -1.260084 .2148091 gc2 | .0862668 .157531 0.55 0.584 -.2224884 .3950219 minaut | -.2165083 .1709923 -1.27 0.205 -.551647 .1186304 autpow | .0794088 .0620236 1.28 0.200 -.0421552 .2009728 immig | .0925156 .132572 0.70 0.485 -.1673209 .352352 yeare | -.0173045 .0069516 -2.49 0.013 -.0309293 -.0036797 lgdpe | .2959152 .1120009 2.64 0.008 .0763975 .515433 grgdpe | 1.715675 1.717711 1.00 0.318 -1.650977 5.082326 xconste | -.0179453 .5951212 -0.03 0.976 -1.184361 1.148471 xrcompe | .0269367 .5147393 0.05 0.958 -.9819337 1.035807 parcompe | -.188772 .382424 -0.49 0.622 -.9383093 .5607654 gc2e | -.1301743 .2067031 -0.63 0.529 -.5353049 .2749563 minaute | -.005283 .2013377 -0.03 0.979 -.3998977 .3893317 autpowe | -.2449393 .0920411 -2.66 0.008 -.4253365 -.0645421 immige | -.0386462 .2037294 -0.19 0.850 -.4379484 .360656 _cons | -1.441207 .6789534 -2.12 0.034 -2.771932 -.1104833 -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- heckman | _Ibasis_2 | .6825631 .153886 4.44 0.000 .380952 .9841741 _Ibasis_3 | -.0063945 .2238792 -0.03 0.977 -.4451896 .4324006 _Ibasis_4 | 1.134275 .1379393 8.22 0.000 .8639187 1.404631 _Ibasis_5 | .7133927 .1435652 4.97 0.000 .4320102 .9947753 _Iregion_2 | .9863442 .3531541 2.79 0.005 .2941749 1.678514 _Iregion_3 | .3221804 .3276983 0.98 0.326 -.3200966 .9644573 _Iregion_5 | .7739382 .4195163 1.84 0.065 -.0482986 1.596175 _Iregion_6 | .4437862 .405476 1.09 0.274 -.3509321 1.238505 _Iregion_7 | .6166713 .2997182 2.06 0.040 .0292344 1.204108 lpop | .1443614 .0625434 2.31 0.021 .0217785 .2669442 _gpop | .9192828 .3552332 2.59 0.010 .2230385 1.615527 lcntpop | .0223003 .0841309 0.27 0.791 -.1425932 .1871938 _cntpop | .3745194 .432423 0.87 0.386 -.4730141 1.222053 maj | -.2310449 .3422422 -0.68 0.500 -.9018273 .4397376 year1 | -.0081632 .0032527 -2.51 0.012 -.0145384 -.001788 gpro | .856534 .6918608 1.24 0.216 -.4994883 2.212556 lgdp | .1743754 .0962858 1.81 0.070 -.0143413 .3630921 grgdpch | -.1305566 .1665481 -0.78 0.433 -.4569849 .1958717 polity2l | .0024004 .0095198 0.25 0.801 -.0162581 .021059 gc2 | .4577395 .1183274 3.87 0.000 .2258221 .6896569 immig | .7620625 .1649107 4.62 0.000 .4388435 1.085281 immig2 | -.7034906 .2502442 -2.81 0.005 -1.19396 -.2130209 minaut | .1654836 .1787368 0.93 0.355 -.1848342 .5158013 autpow | .0587244 .0609069 0.96 0.335 -.0606508 .1780997 _cons | -5.040503 1.368368 -3.68 0.000 -7.722455 -2.358551 -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- /athrho | .0340619 .1267466 0.27 0.788 -.2143568 .2824806 -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- rho | .0340487 .1265996 -.2111329 .2751994 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Wald test of indep. eqns. (rho = 0): chi2(1) = 0.07 Prob > chi2 = 0.7881 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . test year1+yeare=0; ( 1) [ediscr]year1 + [ediscr]yeare = 0 chi2( 1) = 4.49 Prob > chi2 = 0.0340 . test lgdp+lgdpe=0; ( 1) [ediscr]lgdp + [ediscr]lgdpe = 0 chi2( 1) = 2.36 Prob > chi2 = 0.1249 . test grgdpch+grgdpe=0; ( 1) [ediscr]grgdpch + [ediscr]grgdpe = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.23 Prob > chi2 = 0.6286 . test xconstl+xconste=0; ( 1) [ediscr]xconstl + [ediscr]xconste = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.21 Prob > chi2 = 0.6430 . test xrcompl+xrcompe=0; ( 1) [ediscr]xrcompl + [ediscr]xrcompe = 0 chi2( 1) = 1.44 Prob > chi2 = 0.2307 . test parcompl+parcompe=0; ( 1) [ediscr]parcompl + [ediscr]parcompe = 0 chi2( 1) = 8.61 Prob > chi2 = 0.0034 . test gc2+gc2e=0; ( 1) [ediscr]gc2 + [ediscr]gc2e = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.11 Prob > chi2 = 0.7377 . test minaut+minaute=0; ( 1) [ediscr]minaut + [ediscr]minaute = 0 chi2( 1) = 2.18 Prob > chi2 = 0.1394 . test immig+immige=0; ( 1) [ediscr]immig + [ediscr]immige = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.12 Prob > chi2 = 0.7332 . test autpow+autpowe=0; ( 1) [ediscr]autpow + [ediscr]autpowe = 0 chi2( 1) = 7.04 Prob > chi2 = 0.0080 . /*robustness checks: no selection correction*/ > > /*political discrimination, Markov probit*/ > > probit pdiscr pdiscrl year1 lgdp grgdpch xconstl xrcompl parcompl gc2 immig minaut autpow > yearp lgdpp grgdpp xconstp xrcompp parcompp gc2p immigp minautp autpowp if dom_min==0, cluster(ccode); Iteration 0: log pseudo-likelihood = -6411.2853 Iteration 1: log pseudo-likelihood = -1575.9843 Iteration 2: log pseudo-likelihood = -1080.4027 Iteration 3: log pseudo-likelihood = -1016.5788 Iteration 4: log pseudo-likelihood = -1010.6661 Iteration 5: log pseudo-likelihood = -1010.4832 Iteration 6: log pseudo-likelihood = -1010.4828 Iteration 7: log pseudo-likelihood = -1010.4828 Probit estimates Number of obs = 11618 Wald chi2(21) = 5663.37 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000 Log pseudo-likelihood = -1010.4828 Pseudo R2 = 0.8424 (standard errors adjusted for clustering on ccode) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Robust pdiscr | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- pdiscrl | 2.26084 .5499935 4.11 0.000 1.182873 3.338808 year1 | .0059202 .0030185 1.96 0.050 4.04e-06 .0118363 lgdp | -.1942509 .0562013 -3.46 0.001 -.3044035 -.0840983 grgdpch | -2.079468 .5458939 -3.81 0.000 -3.1494 -1.009535 xconstl | -.6022393 .2249655 -2.68 0.007 -1.043164 -.1613151 xrcompl | .6497796 .2331391 2.79 0.005 .1928354 1.106724 parcompl | -.573149 .3253477 -1.76 0.078 -1.210819 .0645207 gc2 | .0494834 .0969049 0.51 0.610 -.1404467 .2394136 immig | .0000137 .131075 0.00 1.000 -.2568886 .256916 minaut | -.0570787 .1259935 -0.45 0.651 -.3040215 .189864 autpow | -.0191126 .0519031 -0.37 0.713 -.1208409 .0826157 yearp | -.023102 .0038771 -5.96 0.000 -.0307009 -.0155031 lgdpp | .3044829 .0705532 4.32 0.000 .1662011 .4427647 grgdpp | 1.936706 .9365105 2.07 0.039 .1011789 3.772233 xconstp | .5570352 .3494881 1.59 0.111 -.1279489 1.242019 xrcompp | -.2925225 .306966 -0.95 0.341 -.8941649 .3091199 parcompp | .038887 .314539 0.12 0.902 -.5775982 .6553722 gc2p | -.1999825 .1327133 -1.51 0.132 -.4600958 .0601307 immigp | .2790855 .1922023 1.45 0.146 -.0976241 .655795 minautp | -.094369 .1467207 -0.64 0.520 -.3819363 .1931983 autpowp | -.2555736 .0754612 -3.39 0.001 -.4034748 -.1076724 _cons | -.7248782 .4104426 -1.77 0.077 -1.529331 .0795745 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . test year1+yearp=0; ( 1) year1 + yearp = 0 chi2( 1) = 20.87 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000 . test lgdp+lgdpp=0; ( 1) lgdp + lgdpp = 0 chi2( 1) = 5.27 Prob > chi2 = 0.0217 . test grgdpch+grgdpp=0; ( 1) grgdpch + grgdpp = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.04 Prob > chi2 = 0.8362 . test xconstl+xconstp=0; ( 1) xconstl + xconstp = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.03 Prob > chi2 = 0.8557 . test xrcompl+xrcompp=0; ( 1) xrcompl + xrcompp = 0 chi2( 1) = 3.14 Prob > chi2 = 0.0762 . test parcompl+parcompp=0; ( 1) parcompl + parcompp = 0 chi2( 1) = 7.35 Prob > chi2 = 0.0067 . test gc2+gc2p=0; ( 1) gc2 + gc2p = 0 chi2( 1) = 2.00 Prob > chi2 = 0.1572 . test immig+immigp=0; ( 1) immig + immigp = 0 chi2( 1) = 3.40 Prob > chi2 = 0.0652 . test minaut+minautp=0; ( 1) minaut + minautp = 0 chi2( 1) = 1.76 Prob > chi2 = 0.1852 . test autpow+autpowp=0; ( 1) autpow + autpowp = 0 chi2( 1) = 11.26 Prob > chi2 = 0.0008 . /*economic discrimination, Markov probit*/ > > probit ediscr ediscrl year1 lgdp grgdpch xconstl xrcompl parcompl gc2 minaut autpow immig yeare lgdpe > grgdpe xconste xrcompe parcompe gc2e minaute autpowe immige if dom_min==0, cluster(ccode); Iteration 0: log pseudo-likelihood = -4805.2181 Iteration 1: log pseudo-likelihood = -1014.6823 Iteration 2: log pseudo-likelihood = -633.78715 Iteration 3: log pseudo-likelihood = -581.13669 Iteration 4: log pseudo-likelihood = -575.03588 Iteration 5: log pseudo-likelihood = -574.66233 Iteration 6: log pseudo-likelihood = -574.6593 Iteration 7: log pseudo-likelihood = -574.6593 Probit estimates Number of obs = 11600 Wald chi2(21) = 3723.65 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000 Log pseudo-likelihood = -574.6593 Pseudo R2 = 0.8804 (standard errors adjusted for clustering on ccode) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Robust ediscr | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- ediscrl | 2.684569 .950967 2.82 0.005 .8207081 4.54843 year1 | .0056218 .004512 1.25 0.213 -.0032216 .0144652 lgdp | -.1741893 .0763925 -2.28 0.023 -.3239159 -.0244626 grgdpch | -1.036559 .6318368 -1.64 0.101 -2.274936 .2018186 xconstl | -.1567082 .4170306 -0.38 0.707 -.9740732 .6606567 xrcompl | .3253306 .3961615 0.82 0.412 -.4511316 1.101793 parcompl | -.5426604 .3747224 -1.45 0.148 -1.277103 .1917821 gc2 | .0726756 .1535292 0.47 0.636 -.2282362 .3735874 minaut | -.2144667 .1670077 -1.28 0.199 -.5417957 .1128623 autpow | .0740142 .0624465 1.19 0.236 -.0483788 .1964072 immig | .0916191 .130445 0.70 0.482 -.1640483 .3472865 yeare | -.0173199 .0069817 -2.48 0.013 -.0310038 -.0036361 lgdpe | .3000079 .1095658 2.74 0.006 .0852628 .514753 grgdpe | 1.714497 1.720142 1.00 0.319 -1.656919 5.085913 xconste | -.0076559 .6024879 -0.01 0.990 -1.18851 1.173199 xrcompe | .0157319 .5242213 0.03 0.976 -1.011723 1.043187 parcompe | -.1667561 .3830744 -0.44 0.663 -.9175682 .584056 gc2e | -.127255 .2065292 -0.62 0.538 -.5320449 .2775349 minaute | -.0044719 .194637 -0.02 0.982 -.3859535 .3770096 autpowe | -.2383413 .0927603 -2.57 0.010 -.4201481 -.0565345 immige | -.0337227 .1997637 -0.17 0.866 -.4252523 .357807 _cons | -1.321575 .6526103 -2.03 0.043 -2.600667 -.0424821 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . test year1+yeare=0; ( 1) year1 + yeare = 0 chi2( 1) = 4.48 Prob > chi2 = 0.0343 . test lgdp+lgdpe=0; ( 1) lgdp + lgdpe = 0 chi2( 1) = 2.47 Prob > chi2 = 0.1163 . test grgdpch+grgdpe=0; ( 1) grgdpch + grgdpe = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.24 Prob > chi2 = 0.6251 . test xconstl+xconste=0; ( 1) xconstl + xconste = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.19 Prob > chi2 = 0.6639 . test xrcompl+xrcompe=0; ( 1) xrcompl + xrcompe = 0 chi2( 1) = 1.36 Prob > chi2 = 0.2443 . test parcompl+parcompe=0; ( 1) parcompl + parcompe = 0 chi2( 1) = 8.56 Prob > chi2 = 0.0034 . test gc2+gc2e=0; ( 1) gc2 + gc2e = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.19 Prob > chi2 = 0.6649 . test minaut+minaute=0; ( 1) minaut + minaute = 0 chi2( 1) = 2.19 Prob > chi2 = 0.1393 . test autpow+autpowe=0; ( 1) autpow + autpowe = 0 chi2( 1) = 6.76 Prob > chi2 = 0.0093 . test immig+immige=0; ( 1) immig + immige = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.14 Prob > chi2 = 0.7133 . /*robustness checks: Table IV*/ > > /*FDI & trade*/ > > /*political discrimination*/ > > probit pdiscr pdiscrl year1 lgdp openk grgdpch fdiinward xconstl xrcompl parcompl gc2 immig minaut autpow > yearp lgdpp openkp grgdpp fdip xconstp xrcompp parcompp gc2p immigp minautp autpowp if dom_min==0, > cluster(ccode); Iteration 0: log pseudo-likelihood = -3312.4108 Iteration 1: log pseudo-likelihood = -877.38557 Iteration 2: log pseudo-likelihood = -649.31844 Iteration 3: log pseudo-likelihood = -622.09494 Iteration 4: log pseudo-likelihood = -619.62524 Iteration 5: log pseudo-likelihood = -619.54922 Iteration 6: log pseudo-likelihood = -619.54845 Iteration 7: log pseudo-likelihood = -619.54844 Probit estimates Number of obs = 6453 Wald chi2(25) = 3999.18 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000 Log pseudo-likelihood = -619.54844 Pseudo R2 = 0.8130 (standard errors adjusted for clustering on ccode) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Robust pdiscr | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- pdiscrl | 1.875481 1.039429 1.80 0.071 -.1617629 3.912724 year1 | -.0085326 .0105667 -0.81 0.419 -.029243 .0121778 lgdp | -.1307403 .0785983 -1.66 0.096 -.2847902 .0233096 openk | -.067385 .1416943 -0.48 0.634 -.3451007 .2103307 grgdpch | -1.945431 .621243 -3.13 0.002 -3.163045 -.7278169 fdiinward | -.1942603 .1827408 -1.06 0.288 -.5524257 .1639051 xconstl | -.9256447 .3053178 -3.03 0.002 -1.524057 -.3272327 xrcompl | .6122132 .3226969 1.90 0.058 -.0202612 1.244688 parcompl | -.3070807 .4872965 -0.63 0.529 -1.262164 .6480028 gc2 | .1765017 .1463051 1.21 0.228 -.110251 .4632545 immig | .1634338 .1621091 1.01 0.313 -.1542942 .4811619 minaut | .0101092 .1577818 0.06 0.949 -.2991375 .3193559 autpow | -.052145 .0651137 -0.80 0.423 -.1797654 .0754755 yearp | -.0057048 .0132081 -0.43 0.666 -.0315923 .0201826 lgdpp | .2649962 .1067033 2.48 0.013 .0558616 .4741309 openkp | .2360586 .2216784 1.06 0.287 -.1984231 .6705403 grgdpp | .9643192 .9752446 0.99 0.323 -.947125 2.875763 fdip | -.7109814 .5350009 -1.33 0.184 -1.759564 .3376012 xconstp | .5427948 .4735914 1.15 0.252 -.3854273 1.471017 xrcompp | -.1888962 .4538245 -0.42 0.677 -1.078376 .7005835 parcompp | .0287554 .4995464 0.06 0.954 -.9503376 1.007848 gc2p | -.2839691 .1798589 -1.58 0.114 -.636486 .0685477 immigp | .0168406 .2498656 0.07 0.946 -.4728869 .5065681 minautp | -.0379882 .1874507 -0.20 0.839 -.4053849 .3294084 autpowp | -.2366467 .0881312 -2.69 0.007 -.4093806 -.0639128 _cons | -.6180778 .7702896 -0.80 0.422 -2.127818 .8916622 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . test year1+yearp=0; ( 1) year1 + yearp = 0 chi2( 1) = 2.29 Prob > chi2 = 0.1300 . test lgdp+lgdpp=0; ( 1) lgdp + lgdpp = 0 chi2( 1) = 2.86 Prob > chi2 = 0.0910 . test openk+openkp=0; ( 1) openk + openkp = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.98 Prob > chi2 = 0.3227 . test grgdpch+grgdpp=0; ( 1) grgdpch + grgdpp = 0 chi2( 1) = 1.92 Prob > chi2 = 0.1661 . test fdiinward+fdip=0; ( 1) fdiinward + fdip = 0 chi2( 1) = 3.38 Prob > chi2 = 0.0658 . test xconstl+xconstp=0; ( 1) xconstl + xconstp = 0 chi2( 1) = 1.02 Prob > chi2 = 0.3127 . test xrcompl+xrcompp=0; ( 1) xrcompl + xrcompp = 0 chi2( 1) = 1.91 Prob > chi2 = 0.1668 . test parcompl+parcompp=0; ( 1) parcompl + parcompp = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.81 Prob > chi2 = 0.3673 . test gc2+gc2p=0; ( 1) gc2 + gc2p = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.49 Prob > chi2 = 0.4846 . test immig+immigp=0; ( 1) immig + immigp = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.80 Prob > chi2 = 0.3708 . test minaut+minautp=0; ( 1) minaut + minautp = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.03 Prob > chi2 = 0.8741 . test autpow+autpowp=0; ( 1) autpow + autpowp = 0 chi2( 1) = 9.51 Prob > chi2 = 0.0020 . /*economic discrimination*/ > > probit ediscr ediscrl year1 lgdp openk grgdpch fdiinward xconstl xrcompl parcompl gc2 immig minaut autpow yeare lgdpe openke > grgdpe fdie xconste xrcompe parcompe gc2e immige minaute autpowe if dom_min==0, cluster(ccode); Iteration 0: log pseudo-likelihood = -2337.7469 Iteration 1: log pseudo-likelihood = -528.43011 Iteration 2: log pseudo-likelihood = -361.98166 Iteration 3: log pseudo-likelihood = -338.10824 Iteration 4: log pseudo-likelihood = -334.35612 Iteration 5: log pseudo-likelihood = -334.03048 Iteration 6: log pseudo-likelihood = -334.02611 Iteration 7: log pseudo-likelihood = -334.02611 Probit estimates Number of obs = 6427 Wald chi2(25) = 1648.93 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000 Log pseudo-likelihood = -334.02611 Pseudo R2 = 0.8571 (standard errors adjusted for clustering on ccode) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Robust ediscr | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- ediscrl | 3.431978 1.540752 2.23 0.026 .4121594 6.451797 year1 | .0024359 .013892 0.18 0.861 -.0247918 .0296636 lgdp | -.0800955 .108644 -0.74 0.461 -.2930338 .1328428 openk | .0593055 .1511915 0.39 0.695 -.2370243 .3556354 grgdpch | -.452044 .5538616 -0.82 0.414 -1.537593 .6335048 fdiinward | -.1057758 .1685817 -0.63 0.530 -.4361899 .2246382 xconstl | -.9886542 .5499125 -1.80 0.072 -2.066463 .0891545 xrcompl | 1.028094 .4527951 2.27 0.023 .1406322 1.915556 parcompl | -.9518657 .5414945 -1.76 0.079 -2.013176 .1094441 gc2 | .4845635 .1743205 2.78 0.005 .1429016 .8262254 immig | .4572238 .1479808 3.09 0.002 .1671868 .7472608 minaut | -.1148863 .2336098 -0.49 0.623 -.5727532 .3429806 autpow | .0318549 .0779332 0.41 0.683 -.1208915 .1846012 yeare | -.0196727 .0219051 -0.90 0.369 -.0626059 .0232606 lgdpe | .2116615 .1644654 1.29 0.198 -.1106848 .5340079 openke | .3744245 .4292159 0.87 0.383 -.4668231 1.215672 grgdpe | .3682781 1.98017 0.19 0.852 -3.512783 4.249339 fdie | 1.193247 .8943127 1.33 0.182 -.5595737 2.946068 xconste | .4264331 .8288405 0.51 0.607 -1.198064 2.050931 xrcompe | -.4651327 .6866105 -0.68 0.498 -1.810865 .8805992 parcompe | .0667975 .7945869 0.08 0.933 -1.490564 1.624159 gc2e | -.5044941 .2703563 -1.87 0.062 -1.034383 .0253945 immige | -.3514795 .2917831 -1.20 0.228 -.9233638 .2204048 minaute | .1253512 .3423252 0.37 0.714 -.5455939 .7962963 autpowe | -.2270641 .1485122 -1.53 0.126 -.5181428 .0640145 _cons | -2.122283 1.002676 -2.12 0.034 -4.087491 -.1570747 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . test year1+yeare=0; ( 1) year1 + yeare = 0 chi2( 1) = 1.02 Prob > chi2 = 0.3118 . test lgdp+lgdpe=0; ( 1) lgdp + lgdpe = 0 chi2( 1) = 1.33 Prob > chi2 = 0.2487 . test openk+openke=0; ( 1) openk + openke = 0 chi2( 1) = 1.28 Prob > chi2 = 0.2575 . test grgdpch+grgdpe=0; ( 1) grgdpch + grgdpe = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.00 Prob > chi2 = 0.9633 . test fdiinward+fdie=0; ( 1) fdiinward + fdie = 0 chi2( 1) = 1.80 Prob > chi2 = 0.1801 . test xconstl+xconste=0; ( 1) xconstl + xconste = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.95 Prob > chi2 = 0.3300 . test xrcompl+xrcompe=0; ( 1) xrcompl + xrcompe = 0 chi2( 1) = 1.72 Prob > chi2 = 0.1898 . test parcompl+parcompe=0; ( 1) parcompl + parcompe = 0 chi2( 1) = 2.29 Prob > chi2 = 0.1301 . test gc2+gc2e=0; ( 1) gc2 + gc2e = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.01 Prob > chi2 = 0.9270 . test immig+immige=0; ( 1) immig + immige = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.18 Prob > chi2 = 0.6731 . test minaut+minaute=0; ( 1) minaut + minaute = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.00 Prob > chi2 = 0.9710 . test autpow+autpowe=0; ( 1) autpow + autpowe = 0 chi2( 1) = 2.90 Prob > chi2 = 0.0887 . /*trade*/ > > /*political discrimination*/ > > probit pdiscr pdiscrl year1 lgdp openk grgdpch xconstl xrcompl parcompl gc2 immig minaut autpow > yearp lgdpp openkp grgdpp xconstp xrcompp parcompp gc2p immigp minautp autpowp if dom_min==0, > cluster(ccode); Iteration 0: log pseudo-likelihood = -6388.1831 Iteration 1: log pseudo-likelihood = -1567.0611 Iteration 2: log pseudo-likelihood = -1071.3737 Iteration 3: log pseudo-likelihood = -1006.2825 Iteration 4: log pseudo-likelihood = -999.99146 Iteration 5: log pseudo-likelihood = -999.79426 Iteration 6: log pseudo-likelihood = -999.79385 Iteration 7: log pseudo-likelihood = -999.79385 Probit estimates Number of obs = 11580 Wald chi2(23) = 6618.47 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000 Log pseudo-likelihood = -999.79385 Pseudo R2 = 0.8435 (standard errors adjusted for clustering on ccode) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Robust pdiscr | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- pdiscrl | 2.292543 .5575135 4.11 0.000 1.199836 3.385249 year1 | .0060651 .003071 1.97 0.048 .0000462 .0120841 lgdp | -.1913315 .0591185 -3.24 0.001 -.3072016 -.0754615 openk | -.121459 .094509 -1.29 0.199 -.3066932 .0637752 grgdpch | -2.086523 .5452576 -3.83 0.000 -3.155208 -1.017837 xconstl | -.6255456 .2216916 -2.82 0.005 -1.060053 -.191038 xrcompl | .6855866 .2327248 2.95 0.003 .2294544 1.141719 parcompl | -.5881284 .3350799 -1.76 0.079 -1.244873 .0686162 gc2 | .0585583 .10167 0.58 0.565 -.1407112 .2578279 immig | .0282978 .1310653 0.22 0.829 -.2285855 .2851811 minaut | -.1031717 .1194562 -0.86 0.388 -.3373015 .1309581 autpow | -.0160371 .0524514 -0.31 0.760 -.11884 .0867657 yearp | -.0245462 .0039606 -6.20 0.000 -.0323088 -.0167836 lgdpp | .2901653 .0731611 3.97 0.000 .1467722 .4335585 openkp | .2846288 .1524631 1.87 0.062 -.0141933 .5834509 grgdpp | 2.001591 .975406 2.05 0.040 .0898301 3.913351 xconstp | .5710051 .3518734 1.62 0.105 -.1186541 1.260664 xrcompp | -.3017354 .31136 -0.97 0.333 -.9119898 .308519 parcompp | .0393885 .3243793 0.12 0.903 -.5963833 .6751604 gc2p | -.223759 .1347442 -1.66 0.097 -.4878527 .0403347 immigp | .2273665 .1929743 1.18 0.239 -.1508562 .6055893 minautp | -.0007571 .1487515 -0.01 0.996 -.2923047 .2907905 autpowp | -.266779 .0723767 -3.69 0.000 -.4086348 -.1249232 _cons | -.6937322 .4115262 -1.69 0.092 -1.500309 .1128444 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . test year1+yearp=0; ( 1) year1 + yearp = 0 chi2( 1) = 21.58 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000 . test lgdp+lgdpp=0; ( 1) lgdp + lgdpp = 0 chi2( 1) = 3.84 Prob > chi2 = 0.0500 . test openk+openkp=0; ( 1) openk + openkp = 0 chi2( 1) = 1.55 Prob > chi2 = 0.2132 . test grgdpch+grgdpp=0; ( 1) grgdpch + grgdpp = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.01 Prob > chi2 = 0.9045 . test xconstl+xconstp=0; ( 1) xconstl + xconstp = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.05 Prob > chi2 = 0.8311 . test xrcompl+xrcompp=0; ( 1) xrcompl + xrcompp = 0 chi2( 1) = 3.55 Prob > chi2 = 0.0597 . test parcompl+parcompp=0; ( 1) parcompl + parcompp = 0 chi2( 1) = 7.53 Prob > chi2 = 0.0061 . test gc2+gc2p=0; ( 1) gc2 + gc2p = 0 chi2( 1) = 2.34 Prob > chi2 = 0.1261 . test immig+immigp=0; ( 1) immig + immigp = 0 chi2( 1) = 2.70 Prob > chi2 = 0.1001 . test minaut+minautp=0; ( 1) minaut + minautp = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.76 Prob > chi2 = 0.3826 . test autpow+autpowp=0; ( 1) autpow + autpowp = 0 chi2( 1) = 12.75 Prob > chi2 = 0.0004 . /*economic discrimination*/ > > probit ediscr ediscrl year1 lgdp openk grgdpch xconstl xrcompl parcompl gc2 immig minaut autpow yeare lgdpe openke > grgdpe xconste xrcompe parcompe gc2e immige minaute autpowe if dom_min==0, cluster(ccode); Iteration 0: log pseudo-likelihood = -4793.9364 Iteration 1: log pseudo-likelihood = -1012.8965 Iteration 2: log pseudo-likelihood = -632.17845 Iteration 3: log pseudo-likelihood = -578.36105 Iteration 4: log pseudo-likelihood = -571.75596 Iteration 5: log pseudo-likelihood = -571.36345 Iteration 6: log pseudo-likelihood = -571.36036 Iteration 7: log pseudo-likelihood = -571.36036 Probit estimates Number of obs = 11562 Wald chi2(23) = 3653.44 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000 Log pseudo-likelihood = -571.36036 Pseudo R2 = 0.8808 (standard errors adjusted for clustering on ccode) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Robust ediscr | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- ediscrl | 2.607593 .9403489 2.77 0.006 .7645428 4.450643 year1 | .0054939 .0044437 1.24 0.216 -.0032157 .0142035 lgdp | -.1774059 .0769618 -2.31 0.021 -.3282483 -.0265635 openk | .0546383 .0778393 0.70 0.483 -.0979239 .2072006 grgdpch | -.9801509 .6357054 -1.54 0.123 -2.22611 .2658087 xconstl | -.1552367 .416893 -0.37 0.710 -.972332 .6618587 xrcompl | .3201854 .3928745 0.81 0.415 -.4498345 1.090205 parcompl | -.5366548 .3682763 -1.46 0.145 -1.258463 .1851534 gc2 | .0788329 .1551568 0.51 0.611 -.2252688 .3829347 immig | .0833785 .133156 0.63 0.531 -.1776024 .3443594 minaut | -.1993597 .1668267 -1.20 0.232 -.526334 .1276146 autpow | .072846 .0619215 1.18 0.239 -.048518 .19421 yeare | -.0212404 .0073772 -2.88 0.004 -.0356994 -.0067814 lgdpe | .2982662 .1122453 2.66 0.008 .0782695 .5182629 openke | .4356698 .3024903 1.44 0.150 -.1572004 1.02854 grgdpe | 1.643474 1.799963 0.91 0.361 -1.884389 5.171337 xconste | -.1948014 .6225744 -0.31 0.754 -1.415025 1.025422 xrcompe | .1881534 .5445128 0.35 0.730 -.8790722 1.255379 parcompe | -.1381586 .3855235 -0.36 0.720 -.8937708 .6174536 gc2e | -.1136614 .2064985 -0.55 0.582 -.5183911 .2910682 immige | -.0688659 .2059883 -0.33 0.738 -.4725956 .3348638 minaute | .0691291 .2045477 0.34 0.735 -.331777 .4700352 autpowe | -.2711298 .1005878 -2.70 0.007 -.4682782 -.0739815 _cons | -1.328711 .6469827 -2.05 0.040 -2.596774 -.060648 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . test year1+yeare=0; ( 1) year1 + yeare = 0 chi2( 1) = 6.07 Prob > chi2 = 0.0138 . test lgdp+lgdpe=0; ( 1) lgdp + lgdpe = 0 chi2( 1) = 2.27 Prob > chi2 = 0.1321 . test openk+openke=0; ( 1) openk + openke = 0 chi2( 1) = 2.81 Prob > chi2 = 0.0934 . test grgdpch+grgdpe=0; ( 1) grgdpch + grgdpe = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.21 Prob > chi2 = 0.6493 . test xconstl+xconste=0; ( 1) xconstl + xconste = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.76 Prob > chi2 = 0.3841 . test xrcompl+xrcompe=0; ( 1) xrcompl + xrcompe = 0 chi2( 1) = 2.78 Prob > chi2 = 0.0956 . test parcompl+parcompe=0; ( 1) parcompl + parcompe = 0 chi2( 1) = 8.18 Prob > chi2 = 0.0042 . test gc2+gc2e=0; ( 1) gc2 + gc2e = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.07 Prob > chi2 = 0.7863 . test immig+immige=0; ( 1) immig + immige = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.01 Prob > chi2 = 0.9312 . test minaut+minaute=0; ( 1) minaut + minaute = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.72 Prob > chi2 = 0.3966 . test autpow+autpowe=0; ( 1) autpow + autpowe = 0 chi2( 1) = 8.51 Prob > chi2 = 0.0035 . /*no new religious groups*/ > > drop if basis==2 & heckman==0; (1156 observations deleted) . drop _Ibasis_2; . heckprob pdiscr pdiscrl year1 lgdp grgdpch xconstl xrcompl parcompl gc2 immig minaut autpow > yearp lgdpp grgdpp xconstp xrcompp parcompp gc2p immigp minautp autpowp if dom_min==0, > sel(heckman = _Ibasis* _Iregion* lpop _gpop lcntpop _cntpop maj year1 gpro lgdp grgdpch polity2l gc2 immig immig2 minaut autpow > ) > cluster(ccode) fir noskip; model LR test inappropriate with robust covariance estimates, option skip ignored and performing Wald test instead Fitting probit model: Iteration 0: log pseudo-likelihood = -6330.8434 Iteration 1: log pseudo-likelihood = -1565.3093 Iteration 2: log pseudo-likelihood = -1077.2633 Iteration 3: log pseudo-likelihood = -1015.5073 Iteration 4: log pseudo-likelihood = -1010.1291 Iteration 5: log pseudo-likelihood = -1009.9882 Iteration 6: log pseudo-likelihood = -1009.988 Iteration 7: log pseudo-likelihood = -1009.988 Fitting selection model: Iteration 0: log pseudo-likelihood = -19011.855 Iteration 1: log pseudo-likelihood = -15480.988 Iteration 2: log pseudo-likelihood = -15385.103 Iteration 3: log pseudo-likelihood = -15384.257 Iteration 4: log pseudo-likelihood = -15384.256 Probit estimates Number of obs = 28225 LR chi2(23) = 7255.20 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000 Log pseudo-likelihood = -15384.256 Pseudo R2 = 0.1908 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ heckman | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- _Ibasis_3 | -.2225932 .0329459 -6.76 0.000 -.2871659 -.1580205 _Ibasis_4 | 1.016239 .0254634 39.91 0.000 .9663314 1.066146 _Ibasis_5 | .5546823 .0303005 18.31 0.000 .4952945 .6140701 _Iregion_2 | .9251353 .0413637 22.37 0.000 .8440639 1.006207 _Iregion_3 | .2232367 .0415667 5.37 0.000 .1417675 .3047058 _Iregion_5 | .9505003 .046972 20.24 0.000 .8584369 1.042564 _Iregion_6 | .2446148 .0489609 5.00 0.000 .1486532 .3405763 _Iregion_7 | .5425611 .0425759 12.74 0.000 .4591138 .6260083 lpop | .1645627 .0109733 15.00 0.000 .1430555 .1860699 _gpop | .8095172 .0861681 9.39 0.000 .6406309 .9784036 lcntpop | .0057364 .0110403 0.52 0.603 -.0159022 .0273749 _cntpop | .3620981 .1037054 3.49 0.000 .1588392 .565357 maj | .0911601 .0944973 0.96 0.335 -.0940512 .2763715 year1 | -.0075367 .0006648 -11.34 0.000 -.0088397 -.0062337 gpro | .6367053 .1438441 4.43 0.000 .354776 .9186347 lgdp | .1302314 .0138951 9.37 0.000 .1029975 .1574654 grgdpch | -.067413 .1168141 -0.58 0.564 -.2963644 .1615384 polity2l | .0047705 .0014972 3.19 0.001 .001836 .0077049 gc2 | .3106038 .0214959 14.45 0.000 .2684725 .352735 immig | .7660455 .0333002 23.00 0.000 .7007784 .8313126 immig2 | -.7544695 .0437451 -17.25 0.000 -.8402084 -.6687306 minaut | .1726162 .0240721 7.17 0.000 .1254357 .2197966 autpow | .0371132 .0130934 2.83 0.005 .0114506 .0627757 _cons | -4.212232 .2098168 -20.08 0.000 -4.623465 -3.800998 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Fitting starting values: Iteration 0: log pseudo-likelihood = -7853.3576 Iteration 1: log pseudo-likelihood = -1840.7293 Iteration 2: log pseudo-likelihood = -1128.7218 Iteration 3: log pseudo-likelihood = -1023.7785 Iteration 4: log pseudo-likelihood = -1010.5987 Iteration 5: log pseudo-likelihood = -1009.7899 Iteration 6: log pseudo-likelihood = -1009.7838 Iteration 7: log pseudo-likelihood = -1009.7838 Fitting full model Iteration 0: log pseudo-likelihood = -16394.049 Iteration 1: log pseudo-likelihood = -16394.045 Iteration 2: log pseudo-likelihood = -16394.045 Probit model with sample selection Number of obs = 28225 Censored obs = 16895 Uncensored obs = 11330 Wald chi2(21) = 5604.34 Log pseudo-likelihood = -16394.05 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000 (standard errors adjusted for clustering on ccode) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Robust | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- pdiscr | pdiscrl | 2.312941 .5524216 4.19 0.000 1.230214 3.395667 year1 | .0057411 .0029887 1.92 0.055 -.0001165 .0115988 lgdp | -.1799276 .0553366 -3.25 0.001 -.2883852 -.0714699 grgdpch | -2.097806 .5479427 -3.83 0.000 -3.171754 -1.023858 xconstl | -.5987512 .2228192 -2.69 0.007 -1.035469 -.1620336 xrcompl | .6432631 .2322274 2.77 0.006 .1881058 1.09842 parcompl | -.5616176 .3222378 -1.74 0.081 -1.193192 .0699569 gc2 | .0657445 .0999237 0.66 0.511 -.1301023 .2615913 immig | .0010813 .1317147 0.01 0.993 -.2570747 .2592374 minaut | -.0535428 .1288674 -0.42 0.678 -.3061183 .1990326 autpow | -.0125263 .0518743 -0.24 0.809 -.1141982 .0891455 yearp | -.0232286 .0038899 -5.97 0.000 -.0308525 -.0156046 lgdpp | .2988895 .0707225 4.23 0.000 .160276 .437503 grgdpp | 1.958305 .9311379 2.10 0.035 .1333079 3.783301 xconstp | .5426959 .348439 1.56 0.119 -.1402319 1.225624 xrcompp | -.2786703 .3071861 -0.91 0.364 -.880744 .3234034 parcompp | .0240258 .3141019 0.08 0.939 -.5916026 .6396543 gc2p | -.2021057 .1326627 -1.52 0.128 -.4621198 .0579085 immigp | .2738519 .1933875 1.42 0.157 -.1051807 .6528844 minautp | -.0967425 .1479543 -0.65 0.513 -.3867276 .1932425 autpowp | -.2623367 .0744054 -3.53 0.000 -.4081687 -.1165048 _cons | -.88827 .4328491 -2.05 0.040 -1.736639 -.0399013 -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- heckman | _Ibasis_3 | -.2221952 .2335358 -0.95 0.341 -.679917 .2355267 _Ibasis_4 | 1.016361 .1369586 7.42 0.000 .7479267 1.284795 _Ibasis_5 | .5545952 .1386948 4.00 0.000 .2827584 .8264319 _Iregion_2 | .9257952 .3572646 2.59 0.010 .2255696 1.626021 _Iregion_3 | .2228164 .335604 0.66 0.507 -.4349554 .8805882 _Iregion_5 | .9499235 .4106 2.31 0.021 .1451623 1.754685 _Iregion_6 | .2449041 .416701 0.59 0.557 -.5718149 1.061623 _Iregion_7 | .5427141 .298981 1.82 0.069 -.0432778 1.128706 lpop | .1645474 .0595211 2.76 0.006 .0478882 .2812067 _gpop | .8108402 .3497523 2.32 0.020 .1253382 1.496342 lcntpop | .0057091 .0829963 0.07 0.945 -.1569606 .1683788 _cntpop | .362231 .4390748 0.82 0.409 -.4983398 1.222802 maj | .0920991 .3452299 0.27 0.790 -.584539 .7687373 year1 | -.0075384 .0033321 -2.26 0.024 -.0140693 -.0010076 gpro | .6363053 .6781949 0.94 0.348 -.6929322 1.965543 lgdp | .1301999 .1000606 1.30 0.193 -.0659153 .326315 grgdpch | -.0675505 .165496 -0.41 0.683 -.3919167 .2568158 polity2l | .0047883 .0096034 0.50 0.618 -.014034 .0236106 gc2 | .3107657 .1194988 2.60 0.009 .0765523 .544979 immig | .7658619 .1698031 4.51 0.000 .4330539 1.09867 immig2 | -.7543926 .2547906 -2.96 0.003 -1.253773 -.2550122 minaut | .1724892 .1831041 0.94 0.346 -.1863883 .5313667 autpow | .0371264 .0601338 0.62 0.537 -.0807336 .1549865 _cons | -4.213171 1.368563 -3.08 0.002 -6.895506 -1.530836 -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- /athrho | .0563179 .1053643 0.53 0.593 -.1501923 .2628281 -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- rho | .0562584 .1050308 -.1490731 .2569388 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Wald test of indep. eqns. (rho = 0): chi2(1) = 0.29 Prob > chi2 = 0.5930 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . test year1+yearp=0; ( 1) [pdiscr]year1 + [pdiscr]yearp = 0 chi2( 1) = 20.30 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000 . test lgdp+lgdpp=0; ( 1) [pdiscr]lgdp + [pdiscr]lgdpp = 0 chi2( 1) = 6.08 Prob > chi2 = 0.0137 . test grgdpch+grgdpp=0; ( 1) [pdiscr]grgdpch + [pdiscr]grgdpp = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.04 Prob > chi2 = 0.8392 . test xconstl+xconstp=0; ( 1) [pdiscr]xconstl + [pdiscr]xconstp = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.05 Prob > chi2 = 0.8244 . test xrcompl+xrcompp=0; ( 1) [pdiscr]xrcompl + [pdiscr]xrcompp = 0 chi2( 1) = 3.26 Prob > chi2 = 0.0710 . test parcompl+parcompp=0; ( 1) [pdiscr]parcompl + [pdiscr]parcompp = 0 chi2( 1) = 7.54 Prob > chi2 = 0.0060 . test gc2+gc2p=0; ( 1) [pdiscr]gc2 + [pdiscr]gc2p = 0 chi2( 1) = 1.56 Prob > chi2 = 0.2118 . test immig+immigp=0; ( 1) [pdiscr]immig + [pdiscr]immigp = 0 chi2( 1) = 3.30 Prob > chi2 = 0.0692 . test minaut+minautp=0; ( 1) [pdiscr]minaut + [pdiscr]minautp = 0 chi2( 1) = 1.69 Prob > chi2 = 0.1940 . test autpow+autpowp=0; ( 1) [pdiscr]autpow + [pdiscr]autpowp = 0 chi2( 1) = 11.38 Prob > chi2 = 0.0007 . heckprob ediscr ediscrl year1 lgdp grgdpch xconstl xrcompl parcompl gc2 immig minaut autpow yeare lgdpe > grgdpe xconste xrcompe parcompe gc2e immige minaute autpowe if dom_min==0, > sel(heckman = _Ibasis* _Iregion* lpop _gpop lcntpop _cntpop maj year1 gpro lgdp grgdpch polity2l gc2 immig immig2 minaut autpow > ) > cluster(ccode) fir noskip; model LR test inappropriate with robust covariance estimates, option skip ignored and performing Wald test instead Fitting probit model: Iteration 0: log pseudo-likelihood = -4762.3243 Iteration 1: log pseudo-likelihood = -1009.8471 Iteration 2: log pseudo-likelihood = -632.15787 Iteration 3: log pseudo-likelihood = -580.44749 Iteration 4: log pseudo-likelihood = -574.63774 Iteration 5: log pseudo-likelihood = -574.30175 Iteration 6: log pseudo-likelihood = -574.29928 Iteration 7: log pseudo-likelihood = -574.29928 Fitting selection model: Iteration 0: log pseudo-likelihood = -19011.855 Iteration 1: log pseudo-likelihood = -15488.858 Iteration 2: log pseudo-likelihood = -15393.403 Iteration 3: log pseudo-likelihood = -15392.567 Iteration 4: log pseudo-likelihood = -15392.566 Probit estimates Number of obs = 28225 LR chi2(23) = 7238.58 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000 Log pseudo-likelihood = -15392.566 Pseudo R2 = 0.1904 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ heckman | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- _Ibasis_3 | -.224629 .0329465 -6.82 0.000 -.2892029 -.160055 _Ibasis_4 | 1.015136 .0254606 39.87 0.000 .9652337 1.065037 _Ibasis_5 | .5529985 .0302869 18.26 0.000 .4936372 .6123597 _Iregion_2 | .9180527 .0413549 22.20 0.000 .8369986 .9991068 _Iregion_3 | .2310709 .0415775 5.56 0.000 .1495805 .3125613 _Iregion_5 | .9496496 .046966 20.22 0.000 .857598 1.041701 _Iregion_6 | .2472081 .0489939 5.05 0.000 .1511819 .3432344 _Iregion_7 | .5445793 .0425941 12.79 0.000 .4610963 .6280623 lpop | .1641336 .0109748 14.96 0.000 .1426234 .1856438 _gpop | .811934 .0861046 9.43 0.000 .6431721 .980696 lcntpop | .0054371 .0110407 0.49 0.622 -.0162023 .0270764 _cntpop | .3657879 .1036867 3.53 0.000 .1625657 .5690101 maj | .0940443 .0945152 1.00 0.320 -.091202 .2792907 year1 | -.0075859 .000665 -11.41 0.000 -.0088893 -.0062824 gpro | .6314557 .1438562 4.39 0.000 .3495027 .9134086 lgdp | .1320171 .0139001 9.50 0.000 .1047735 .1592608 grgdpch | -.0731004 .1168384 -0.63 0.532 -.3020995 .1558986 polity2l | .004519 .0014957 3.02 0.003 .0015875 .0074504 gc2 | .3099312 .0214951 14.42 0.000 .2678016 .3520608 immig | .766147 .0333007 23.01 0.000 .7008788 .8314152 immig2 | -.75405 .0437419 -17.24 0.000 -.8397825 -.6683175 minaut | .1738613 .0240718 7.22 0.000 .1266815 .2210411 autpow | .0400295 .0130697 3.06 0.002 .0144134 .0656457 _cons | -4.226274 .2099002 -20.13 0.000 -4.637671 -3.814877 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Fitting starting values: Iteration 0: log pseudo-likelihood = -7853.3576 Iteration 1: log pseudo-likelihood = -1562.3328 Iteration 2: log pseudo-likelihood = -744.74757 Iteration 3: log pseudo-likelihood = -601.07883 Iteration 4: log pseudo-likelihood = -577.22679 Iteration 5: log pseudo-likelihood = -574.202 Iteration 6: log pseudo-likelihood = -574.06449 Iteration 7: log pseudo-likelihood = -574.06402 Iteration 8: log pseudo-likelihood = -574.06402 Fitting full model Iteration 0: log pseudo-likelihood = -15966.635 Iteration 1: log pseudo-likelihood = -15966.628 Iteration 2: log pseudo-likelihood = -15966.628 Probit model with sample selection Number of obs = 28225 Censored obs = 16895 Uncensored obs = 11330 Wald chi2(21) = 3591.81 Log pseudo-likelihood = -15966.63 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000 (standard errors adjusted for clustering on ccode) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Robust | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- ediscr | ediscrl | 2.690276 .9612677 2.80 0.005 .806226 4.574326 year1 | .0052893 .0044082 1.20 0.230 -.0033507 .0139292 lgdp | -.1564654 .0761925 -2.05 0.040 -.3057999 -.0071309 grgdpch | -1.04717 .6339792 -1.65 0.099 -2.289747 .195406 xconstl | -.1579547 .4105974 -0.38 0.700 -.9627109 .6468014 xrcompl | .3201419 .3926219 0.82 0.415 -.4493829 1.089667 parcompl | -.5250695 .3751757 -1.40 0.162 -1.2604 .2102613 gc2 | .0954112 .1572084 0.61 0.544 -.2127116 .403534 immig | .0956077 .1334522 0.72 0.474 -.1659539 .3571692 minaut | -.2112044 .1714891 -1.23 0.218 -.5473168 .124908 autpow | .0814805 .061819 1.32 0.187 -.0396825 .2026435 yeare | -.0173457 .0069335 -2.50 0.012 -.030935 -.0037563 lgdpe | .2998051 .1114191 2.69 0.007 .0814277 .5181825 grgdpe | 1.704832 1.713723 0.99 0.320 -1.654004 5.063668 xconste | -.0354077 .5954172 -0.06 0.953 -1.202404 1.131589 xrcompe | .0351317 .5147275 0.07 0.946 -.9737157 1.043979 parcompe | -.1777586 .3858439 -0.46 0.645 -.9339988 .5784815 gc2e | -.1264544 .206217 -0.61 0.540 -.5306322 .2777234 immige | -.0470625 .2032378 -0.23 0.817 -.4454012 .3512763 minaute | -.0196118 .2001275 -0.10 0.922 -.4118545 .3726308 autpowe | -.2479588 .0918601 -2.70 0.007 -.4280012 -.0679164 _cons | -1.528837 .6826976 -2.24 0.025 -2.8669 -.1907746 -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- heckman | _Ibasis_3 | -.2247011 .2331154 -0.96 0.335 -.6815989 .2321967 _Ibasis_4 | 1.014829 .136932 7.41 0.000 .7464471 1.283211 _Ibasis_5 | .5531591 .1386954 3.99 0.000 .2813211 .8249972 _Iregion_2 | .9180387 .3580078 2.56 0.010 .2163563 1.619721 _Iregion_3 | .2304095 .3354708 0.69 0.492 -.4271013 .8879202 _Iregion_5 | .9497561 .4106979 2.31 0.021 .1448031 1.754709 _Iregion_6 | .2475395 .4173199 0.59 0.553 -.5703924 1.065471 _Iregion_7 | .5444991 .2992333 1.82 0.069 -.0419873 1.130985 lpop | .1642027 .0594349 2.76 0.006 .0477123 .280693 _gpop | .8133722 .348454 2.33 0.020 .1304149 1.49633 lcntpop | .005527 .083048 0.07 0.947 -.1572441 .1682981 _cntpop | .365279 .4391345 0.83 0.406 -.4954089 1.225967 maj | .0952022 .3445278 0.28 0.782 -.5800598 .7704642 year1 | -.00759 .0033351 -2.28 0.023 -.0141267 -.0010532 gpro | .6305608 .6769205 0.93 0.352 -.696179 1.957301 lgdp | .1320721 .0999651 1.32 0.186 -.0638559 .3280001 grgdpch | -.0726531 .1680327 -0.43 0.665 -.401991 .2566849 polity2l | .0045326 .0096598 0.47 0.639 -.0144002 .0234654 gc2 | .3098624 .1195892 2.59 0.010 .0754718 .544253 immig | .7660826 .1697338 4.51 0.000 .4334106 1.098755 immig2 | -.7540085 .2547108 -2.96 0.003 -1.253233 -.2547844 minaut | .1735617 .1829198 0.95 0.343 -.1849545 .532078 autpow | .0400263 .0605181 0.66 0.508 -.078587 .1586395 _cons | -4.228596 1.369417 -3.09 0.002 -6.912605 -1.544587 -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- /athrho | .0817208 .1346215 0.61 0.544 -.1821325 .345574 -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- rho | .0815394 .1337264 -.1801449 .3324445 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Wald test of indep. eqns. (rho = 0): chi2(1) = 0.37 Prob > chi2 = 0.5438 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . test year1+yeare=0; ( 1) [ediscr]year1 + [ediscr]yeare = 0 chi2( 1) = 4.67 Prob > chi2 = 0.0306 . test lgdp+lgdpe=0; ( 1) [ediscr]lgdp + [ediscr]lgdpe = 0 chi2( 1) = 2.81 Prob > chi2 = 0.0938 . test grgdpch+grgdpe=0; ( 1) [ediscr]grgdpch + [ediscr]grgdpe = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.23 Prob > chi2 = 0.6342 . test xconstl+xconste=0; ( 1) [ediscr]xconstl + [ediscr]xconste = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.27 Prob > chi2 = 0.6053 . test xrcompl+xrcompe=0; ( 1) [ediscr]xrcompl + [ediscr]xrcompe = 0 chi2( 1) = 1.52 Prob > chi2 = 0.2173 . test parcompl+parcompe=0; ( 1) [ediscr]parcompl + [ediscr]parcompe = 0 chi2( 1) = 8.62 Prob > chi2 = 0.0033 . test gc2+gc2e=0; ( 1) [ediscr]gc2 + [ediscr]gc2e = 0 chi2( 1) = 0.06 Prob > chi2 = 0.8067 . test minaut+minaute=0; ( 1) [ediscr]minaut + [ediscr]minaute = 0 chi2( 1) = 2.37 Prob > chi2 = 0.1240 . test autpow+autpowe=0; ( 1) [ediscr]autpow + [ediscr]autpowe = 0 chi2( 1) = 7.19 Prob > chi2 = 0.0073 . log close; log: C:\DATA\ethdis-replication.txt log type: text closed on: 25 May 2009, 12:28:59 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- log: C:\DATA\ethdis-replication.txt log type: text opened on: 25 May 2009, 12:28:59 . use ethdis-replicate.dta; . set more off; . drop if heckman==0; (25489 observations deleted) . sort numcode year; . tsset numcode year; panel variable: numcode, 201 to 95002 time variable: year, 1950 to 2003 . gen xconst2=1-((7-xconst)/6); . drop xconst; . rename xconst2 xconst; . gen xrcomp=1-((3-xrcomp2)/2); (37 missing values generated) . gen parcomp=1-((5-parcomp2)/4); (37 missing values generated) . replace gc2=0 if gc2==2; (4503 real changes made) . by numcode: ipolate gdp2 year, gen(gdppc); (477 missing values generated) . gen lgdp=ln(gdppc); (477 missing values generated) . gen lpop=ln(gpop); . gen lcntpop=ln(cntpop); . gen year1=year-1950; . replace openk=openk/100; (12699 real changes made) . replace fdiinward=fdiinward/100; (6460 real changes made) . replace grgdpch=grgdpch/100; (12467 real changes made) . gen pdiscr=.; (14649 missing values generated) . replace pdiscr=1 if poldis==4; (3521 real changes made) . replace pdiscr=0 if poldis<4; (10852 real changes made) . drop if missing(pdiscr); (276 observations deleted) . gen ediscr=.; (14373 missing values generated) . replace ediscr=1 if ecdis==4; (2103 real changes made) . replace ediscr=0 if ecdis<4; (12256 real changes made) . drop if missing(ediscr); (14 observations deleted) . gen pdiscrl=L.pdiscr; (367 missing values generated) . gen ediscrl=L.ediscr; (367 missing values generated) . gen xconstl=L.xconst; (367 missing values generated) . gen xrcompl=L.xrcomp; (395 missing values generated) . gen parcompl=L.parcomp; (395 missing values generated) . gen polity2l=L.polity2; (367 missing values generated) . /*start and end time variables, non-political-discriminatory spells*/ > > sort numcode year; . drop if pdiscr==pdiscrl & pdiscrl==1; (3305 observations deleted) . drop if pdiscr==1 & year==1950; (56 observations deleted) . gen startyr=.; (10998 missing values generated) . replace startyr=year if numcode~=numcode[_n-1]; (355 real changes made) . replace startyr=startyr[_n-1] if numcode==numcode[_n-1]; (10643 real changes made) . summarize startyr; Variable | Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max -------------+-------------------------------------------------------- startyr | 10998 1958.809 12.34734 1950 2001 . gen begin=year-startyr; . gen end=begin+1; . stset end, id(numcode) failure(pdiscr==1) time0(begin) exit(time .); id: numcode failure event: pdiscr == 1 obs. time interval: (begin, end] exit on or before: time . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10998 total obs. 0 exclusions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10998 obs. remaining, representing 355 subjects 159 failures in multiple failure-per-subject data 10998 total analysis time at risk, at risk from t = 0 earliest observed entry t = 0 last observed exit t = 54 . stdes; failure _d: pdiscr == 1 analysis time _t: end exit on or before: time . id: numcode |-------------- per subject --------------| Category total mean min median max ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ no. of subjects 355 no. of records 10998 30.98028 1 34 54 (first) entry time 0 0 0 0 (final) exit time 34.56338 1 41 54 subjects with gap 104 time on gap if gap 1272 10.87179 1 8 40 time at risk 10998 30.98028 1 34 54 failures 159 .4478873 0 0 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . /*establishing strata (groups with multiple failures)*/ > > sort numcode year; . gen str=1; . replace str=2 if numcode==numcode[_n-1] & begin>end[_n-1]; (117 real changes made) . replace str=str[_n-1] if numcode==numcode[_n-1] & begin==end[_n-1]; (1241 real changes made) . replace str=3 if numcode==numcode[_n-1] & begin>end[_n-1] & str[_n-1]==2; (12 real changes made) . replace str=str[_n-1] if numcode==numcode[_n-1] & begin==end[_n-1]; (82 real changes made) . replace str=4 if numcode==numcode[_n-1] & begin>end[_n-1] & str[_n-1]==3; (2 real changes made) . replace str=str[_n-1] if numcode==numcode[_n-1] & begin==end[_n-1]; (11 real changes made) . tab str; str | Freq. Percent Cum. ------------+----------------------------------- 1 | 9,640 87.65 87.65 2 | 1,262 11.47 99.13 3 | 83 0.75 99.88 4 | 13 0.12 100.00 ------------+----------------------------------- Total | 10,998 100.00 . streg year1 lgdp grgdpch xconstl xrcompl parcompl gc2 immig minaut autpow if dom_min==0, d(weibull) ; failure _d: pdiscr == 1 analysis time _t: end exit on or before: time . id: numcode Fitting constant-only model: Iteration 0: log likelihood = -244.01311 Iteration 1: log likelihood = -242.70452 Iteration 2: log likelihood = -242.70419 Iteration 3: log likelihood = -242.70419 Fitting full model: Iteration 0: log likelihood = -242.70419 Iteration 1: log likelihood = -210.76648 Iteration 2: log likelihood = -202.51472 Iteration 3: log likelihood = -202.29163 Iteration 4: log likelihood = -202.29123 Iteration 5: log likelihood = -202.29123 Weibull regression -- log relative-hazard form No. of subjects = 334 Number of obs = 8620 No. of failures = 99 Time at risk = 8620 LR chi2(10) = 80.83 Log likelihood = -202.29123 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ _t | Haz. Ratio Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- year1 | 1.004272 .0102798 0.42 0.677 .9843245 1.024623 lgdp | .5930382 .0698668 -4.44 0.000 .4707618 .747075 grgdpch | .0211302 .0204608 -3.98 0.000 .0031671 .1409744 xconstl | .2293717 .1372619 -2.46 0.014 .0709838 .7411747 xrcompl | 3.495276 1.437155 3.04 0.002 1.561322 7.824751 parcompl | .2933114 .151578 -2.37 0.018 .106523 .8076339 gc2 | 1.169577 .3121119 0.59 0.557 .6932311 1.973238 immig | 1.043867 .3576721 0.13 0.900 .5333201 2.043159 minaut | .8861734 .2473533 -0.43 0.665 .5127751 1.531477 autpow | .9514473 .1213385 -0.39 0.696 .7410212 1.221628 -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- /ln_p | .2826744 .1310986 2.16 0.031 .0257258 .5396229 -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- p | 1.326673 .173925 1.02606 1.71536 1/p | .7537652 .0988176 .582968 .9746023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . stcurve, hazard; . log close; log: C:\DATA\ethdis-replication.txt log type: text closed on: 25 May 2009, 12:29:05 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- log: C:\DATA\ethdis-replication.txt log type: text opened on: 25 May 2009, 12:29:05 . use ethdis-replicate.dta; . set more off; . drop if heckman==0; (25489 observations deleted) . sort numcode year; . tsset numcode year; panel variable: numcode, 201 to 95002 time variable: year, 1950 to 2003 . gen xconst2=1-((7-xconst)/6); . drop xconst; . rename xconst2 xconst; . gen xrcomp=1-((3-xrcomp2)/2); (37 missing values generated) . gen parcomp=1-((5-parcomp2)/4); (37 missing values generated) . replace gc2=0 if gc2==2; (4503 real changes made) . by numcode: ipolate gdp2 year, gen(gdppc); (477 missing values generated) . gen lgdp=ln(gdppc); (477 missing values generated) . gen lpop=ln(gpop); . gen lcntpop=ln(cntpop); . gen year1=year-1950; . replace openk=openk/100; (12699 real changes made) . replace fdiinward=fdiinward/100; (6460 real changes made) . replace grgdpch=grgdpch/100; (12467 real changes made) . gen pdiscr=.; (14649 missing values generated) . replace pdiscr=1 if poldis==4; (3521 real changes made) . replace pdiscr=0 if poldis<4; (10852 real changes made) . drop if missing(pdiscr); (276 observations deleted) . gen ediscr=.; (14373 missing values generated) . replace ediscr=1 if ecdis==4; (2103 real changes made) . replace ediscr=0 if ecdis<4; (12256 real changes made) . drop if missing(ediscr); (14 observations deleted) . gen pdiscrl=L.pdiscr; (367 missing values generated) . gen ediscrl=L.ediscr; (367 missing values generated) . gen xconstl=L.xconst; (367 missing values generated) . gen xrcompl=L.xrcomp; (395 missing values generated) . gen parcompl=L.parcomp; (395 missing values generated) . gen polity2l=L.polity2; (367 missing values generated) . /*start and end time variables, political-discriminatory spells*/ > > sort numcode year; . drop if pdiscr==pdiscrl & pdiscrl==0; (10406 observations deleted) . drop if pdiscr==0 & year==1950; (127 observations deleted) . gen startyr=.; (3826 missing values generated) . replace startyr=year if numcode~=numcode[_n-1]; (278 real changes made) . replace startyr=startyr[_n-1] if numcode==numcode[_n-1]; (3548 real changes made) . summarize startyr; Variable | Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max -------------+-------------------------------------------------------- startyr | 3826 1960.181 12.41189 1950 2001 . gen begin=year-startyr; . gen end=begin+1; . stset end, id(numcode) failure(pdiscr==0) time0(begin) exit(time .); id: numcode failure event: pdiscr == 0 obs. time interval: (begin, end] exit on or before: time . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3826 total obs. 0 exclusions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3826 obs. remaining, representing 278 subjects 306 failures in multiple failure-per-subject data 3826 total analysis time at risk, at risk from t = 0 earliest observed entry t = 0 last observed exit t = 54 . stdes; failure _d: pdiscr == 0 analysis time _t: end exit on or before: time . id: numcode |-------------- per subject --------------| Category total mean min median max ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ no. of subjects 278 no. of records 3826 13.76259 1 8 54 (first) entry time 0 0 0 0 (final) exit time 17.01439 1 11 54 subjects with gap 69 time on gap if gap 904 11.89474 1 10.5 32 time at risk 3826 13.76259 1 8 54 failures 306 1.100719 0 1 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . /*establishing strata (groups with multiple failures)*/ > > sort numcode year; . gen str=1; . replace str=2 if numcode==numcode[_n-1] & begin>end[_n-1]; (76 real changes made) . replace str=str[_n-1] if numcode==numcode[_n-1] & begin==end[_n-1]; (725 real changes made) . replace str=3 if numcode==numcode[_n-1] & begin>end[_n-1] & str[_n-1]==2; (7 real changes made) . replace str=str[_n-1] if numcode==numcode[_n-1] & begin==end[_n-1]; (32 real changes made) . replace str=4 if numcode==numcode[_n-1] & begin>end[_n-1] & str[_n-1]==3; (0 real changes made) . replace str=str[_n-1] if numcode==numcode[_n-1] & begin==end[_n-1]; (0 real changes made) . tab str; str | Freq. Percent Cum. ------------+----------------------------------- 1 | 3,025 79.06 79.06 2 | 762 19.92 98.98 3 | 39 1.02 100.00 ------------+----------------------------------- Total | 3,826 100.00 . streg year1 lgdp grgdpch xconstl xrcompl parcompl gc2 immig minaut autpow if dom_min==0, d(weibull) ; failure _d: pdiscr == 0 analysis time _t: end exit on or before: time . id: numcode Fitting constant-only model: Iteration 0: log likelihood = -162.93427 Iteration 1: log likelihood = -158.2663 Iteration 2: log likelihood = -158.25997 Iteration 3: log likelihood = -158.25997 Fitting full model: Iteration 0: log likelihood = -158.25997 Iteration 1: log likelihood = -126.77178 Iteration 2: log likelihood = -120.36288 Iteration 3: log likelihood = -120.26672 Iteration 4: log likelihood = -120.26662 Iteration 5: log likelihood = -120.26662 Weibull regression -- log relative-hazard form No. of subjects = 161 Number of obs = 2936 No. of failures = 140 Time at risk = 2936 LR chi2(10) = 75.99 Log likelihood = -120.26662 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ _t | Haz. Ratio Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- year1 | 1.027014 .0077022 3.55 0.000 1.012029 1.042222 lgdp | .8240892 .0826233 -1.93 0.054 .6770684 1.003034 grgdpch | 1.717255 1.577009 0.59 0.556 .2838898 10.38771 xconstl | 1.311691 .725496 0.49 0.624 .4436418 3.878206 xrcompl | .5123557 .1804408 -1.90 0.058 .2569192 1.021755 parcompl | 2.617811 1.057127 2.38 0.017 1.186329 5.776589 gc2 | 1.412114 .318083 1.53 0.126 .9081008 2.195865 immig | .5461644 .1598687 -2.07 0.039 .3077278 .9693487 minaut | 1.373413 .3118581 1.40 0.162 .8800765 2.143294 autpow | 1.576042 .1492903 4.80 0.000 1.308995 1.89757 -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- /ln_p | .1767633 .0937936 1.88 0.059 -.0070687 .3605953 -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- p | 1.193349 .1119284 .9929562 1.434183 1/p | .8379781 .078597 .6972611 1.007094 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . stcurve, hazard; . log close; log: C:\DATA\ethdis-replication.txt log type: text closed on: 25 May 2009, 12:29:10 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- log: C:\DATA\ethdis-replication.txt log type: text opened on: 25 May 2009, 12:29:10 . use ethdis-replicate.dta; . set more off; . drop if heckman==0; (25489 observations deleted) . sort numcode year; . tsset numcode year; panel variable: numcode, 201 to 95002 time variable: year, 1950 to 2003 . gen xconst2=1-((7-xconst)/6); . drop xconst; . rename xconst2 xconst; . gen xrcomp=1-((3-xrcomp2)/2); (37 missing values generated) . gen parcomp=1-((5-parcomp2)/4); (37 missing values generated) . replace gc2=0 if gc2==2; (4503 real changes made) . by numcode: ipolate gdp2 year, gen(gdppc); (477 missing values generated) . gen lgdp=ln(gdppc); (477 missing values generated) . gen lpop=ln(gpop); . gen lcntpop=ln(cntpop); . gen year1=year-1950; . replace openk=openk/100; (12699 real changes made) . replace fdiinward=fdiinward/100; (6460 real changes made) . replace grgdpch=grgdpch/100; (12467 real changes made) . gen pdiscr=.; (14649 missing values generated) . replace pdiscr=1 if poldis==4; (3521 real changes made) . replace pdiscr=0 if poldis<4; (10852 real changes made) . drop if missing(pdiscr); (276 observations deleted) . gen ediscr=.; (14373 missing values generated) . replace ediscr=1 if ecdis==4; (2103 real changes made) . replace ediscr=0 if ecdis<4; (12256 real changes made) . drop if missing(ediscr); (14 observations deleted) . gen pdiscrl=L.pdiscr; (367 missing values generated) . gen ediscrl=L.ediscr; (367 missing values generated) . gen xconstl=L.xconst; (367 missing values generated) . gen xrcompl=L.xrcomp; (395 missing values generated) . gen parcompl=L.parcomp; (395 missing values generated) . gen polity2l=L.polity2; (367 missing values generated) . /*start and end time variables, non-economic-discriminatory spells*/ > > sort numcode year; . drop if ediscr==ediscrl & ediscrl==1; (1982 observations deleted) . drop if ediscr==1 & year==1950; (39 observations deleted) . gen startyr=.; (12338 missing values generated) . replace startyr=year if numcode~=numcode[_n-1]; (361 real changes made) . replace startyr=startyr[_n-1] if numcode==numcode[_n-1]; (11977 real changes made) . summarize startyr; Variable | Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max -------------+-------------------------------------------------------- startyr | 12338 1957.941 11.93608 1950 2001 . gen begin=year-startyr; . gen end=begin+1; . stset end, id(numcode) failure(ediscr==1) time0(begin) exit(time .); id: numcode failure event: ediscr == 1 obs. time interval: (begin, end] exit on or before: time . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12338 total obs. 0 exclusions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12338 obs. remaining, representing 361 subjects 82 failures in multiple failure-per-subject data 12338 total analysis time at risk, at risk from t = 0 earliest observed entry t = 0 last observed exit t = 54 . stdes; failure _d: ediscr == 1 analysis time _t: end exit on or before: time . id: numcode |-------------- per subject --------------| Category total mean min median max ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ no. of subjects 361 no. of records 12338 34.17729 1 41 54 (first) entry time 0 0 0 0 (final) exit time 35.66759 1 42 54 subjects with gap 47 time on gap if gap 538 10.54902 1 7 38 time at risk 12338 34.17729 1 41 54 failures 82 .2271468 0 0 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . /*establishing strata (groups with multiple failures)*/ > > sort numcode year; . gen str=1; . replace str=2 if numcode==numcode[_n-1] & begin>end[_n-1]; (51 real changes made) . replace str=str[_n-1] if numcode==numcode[_n-1] & begin==end[_n-1]; (680 real changes made) . replace str=3 if numcode==numcode[_n-1] & begin>end[_n-1] & str[_n-1]==2; (3 real changes made) . replace str=str[_n-1] if numcode==numcode[_n-1] & begin==end[_n-1]; (30 real changes made) . replace str=4 if numcode==numcode[_n-1] & begin>end[_n-1] & str[_n-1]==3; (1 real change made) . replace str=str[_n-1] if numcode==numcode[_n-1] & begin==end[_n-1]; (1 real change made) . tab str; str | Freq. Percent Cum. ------------+----------------------------------- 1 | 11,607 94.08 94.08 2 | 696 5.64 99.72 3 | 33 0.27 99.98 4 | 2 0.02 100.00 ------------+----------------------------------- Total | 12,338 100.00 . streg year1 lgdp grgdpch xconstl xrcompl parcompl gc2 minaut autpow if dom_min==0, d(weibull) ; failure _d: ediscr == 1 analysis time _t: end exit on or before: time . id: numcode Fitting constant-only model: Iteration 0: log likelihood = -160.85582 Iteration 1: log likelihood = -160.8558 Iteration 2: log likelihood = -160.8558 Fitting full model: Iteration 0: log likelihood = -160.8558 Iteration 1: log likelihood = -149.91398 Iteration 2: log likelihood = -145.14044 Iteration 3: log likelihood = -145.03444 Iteration 4: log likelihood = -145.03422 Iteration 5: log likelihood = -145.03422 Weibull regression -- log relative-hazard form No. of subjects = 338 Number of obs = 9681 No. of failures = 47 Time at risk = 9681 LR chi2(9) = 31.64 Log likelihood = -145.03422 Prob > chi2 = 0.0002 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ _t | Haz. Ratio Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- year1 | 1.019037 .0139989 1.37 0.170 .9919654 1.046847 lgdp | .6394526 .1081073 -2.64 0.008 .4590947 .8906651 grgdpch | .081653 .1282715 -1.59 0.111 .0037565 1.774822 xconstl | .6276393 .5326034 -0.55 0.583 .1189586 3.311498 xrcompl | 2.09542 1.249642 1.24 0.215 .6510908 6.743735 parcompl | .2381294 .1648895 -2.07 0.038 .0612929 .9251583 gc2 | 1.196762 .4627041 0.46 0.642 .5609284 2.553335 minaut | .5676926 .2596329 -1.24 0.216 .2316424 1.39126 autpow | 1.147365 .1892068 0.83 0.404 .8304887 1.585147 -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- /ln_p | -.0582986 .2161077 -0.27 0.787 -.4818619 .3652646 -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- p | .9433682 .2038691 .6176323 1.440895 1/p | 1.060032 .229081 .694013 1.619086 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . stcurve, hazard; . log close; log: C:\DATA\ethdis-replication.txt log type: text closed on: 25 May 2009, 12:29:17 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- log: C:\DATA\ethdis-replication.txt log type: text opened on: 25 May 2009, 12:29:17 . use ethdis-replicate.dta; . set more off; . drop if heckman==0; (25489 observations deleted) . sort numcode year; . tsset numcode year; panel variable: numcode, 201 to 95002 time variable: year, 1950 to 2003 . gen xconst2=1-((7-xconst)/6); . drop xconst; . rename xconst2 xconst; . gen xrcomp=1-((3-xrcomp2)/2); (37 missing values generated) . gen parcomp=1-((5-parcomp2)/4); (37 missing values generated) . replace gc2=0 if gc2==2; (4503 real changes made) . by numcode: ipolate gdp2 year, gen(gdppc); (477 missing values generated) . gen lgdp=ln(gdppc); (477 missing values generated) . gen lpop=ln(gpop); . gen lcntpop=ln(cntpop); . gen year1=year-1950; . replace openk=openk/100; (12699 real changes made) . replace fdiinward=fdiinward/100; (6460 real changes made) . replace grgdpch=grgdpch/100; (12467 real changes made) . gen pdiscr=.; (14649 missing values generated) . replace pdiscr=1 if poldis==4; (3521 real changes made) . replace pdiscr=0 if poldis<4; (10852 real changes made) . drop if missing(pdiscr); (276 observations deleted) . gen ediscr=.; (14373 missing values generated) . replace ediscr=1 if ecdis==4; (2103 real changes made) . replace ediscr=0 if ecdis<4; (12256 real changes made) . drop if missing(ediscr); (14 observations deleted) . gen pdiscrl=L.pdiscr; (367 missing values generated) . gen ediscrl=L.ediscr; (367 missing values generated) . gen xconstl=L.xconst; (367 missing values generated) . gen xrcompl=L.xrcomp; (395 missing values generated) . gen parcompl=L.parcomp; (395 missing values generated) . gen polity2l=L.polity2; (367 missing values generated) . /*start and end time variables, economic-discriminatory spells*/ > > sort numcode year; . drop if ediscr==ediscrl & ediscrl==0; (11866 observations deleted) . drop if ediscr==0 & year==1950; (144 observations deleted) . gen startyr=.; (2349 missing values generated) . replace startyr=year if numcode~=numcode[_n-1]; (247 real changes made) . replace startyr=startyr[_n-1] if numcode==numcode[_n-1]; (2102 real changes made) . summarize startyr; Variable | Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max -------------+-------------------------------------------------------- startyr | 2349 1960.367 13.13995 1950 2001 . gen begin=year-startyr; . gen end=begin+1; . stset end, id(numcode) failure(ediscr==0) time0(begin) exit(time .); id: numcode failure event: ediscr == 0 obs. time interval: (begin, end] exit on or before: time . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2349 total obs. 0 exclusions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2349 obs. remaining, representing 247 subjects 246 failures in multiple failure-per-subject data 2349 total analysis time at risk, at risk from t = 0 earliest observed entry t = 0 last observed exit t = 54 . stdes; failure _d: ediscr == 0 analysis time _t: end exit on or before: time . id: numcode |-------------- per subject --------------| Category total mean min median max ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ no. of subjects 247 no. of records 2349 9.510121 1 1 54 (first) entry time 0 0 0 0 (final) exit time 11.16599 1 1 54 subjects with gap 30 time on gap if gap 409 12.39394 1 9 37 time at risk 2349 9.510121 1 1 54 failures 246 .9959514 0 1 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . /*establishing strata (groups with multiple failures)*/ > > sort numcode year; . gen str=1; . replace str=2 if numcode==numcode[_n-1] & begin>end[_n-1]; (33 real changes made) . replace str=str[_n-1] if numcode==numcode[_n-1] & begin==end[_n-1]; (303 real changes made) . replace str=3 if numcode==numcode[_n-1] & begin>end[_n-1] & str[_n-1]==2; (3 real changes made) . replace str=str[_n-1] if numcode==numcode[_n-1] & begin==end[_n-1]; (19 real changes made) . replace str=4 if numcode==numcode[_n-1] & begin>end[_n-1] & str[_n-1]==3; (0 real changes made) . replace str=str[_n-1] if numcode==numcode[_n-1] & begin==end[_n-1]; (0 real changes made) . tab str; str | Freq. Percent Cum. ------------+----------------------------------- 1 | 2,013 85.70 85.70 2 | 314 13.37 99.06 3 | 22 0.94 100.00 ------------+----------------------------------- Total | 2,349 100.00 . streg year1 lgdp grgdpch xconstl xrcompl parcompl gc2 minaut autpow if dom_min==0, d(weibull) ; failure _d: ediscr == 0 analysis time _t: end exit on or before: time . id: numcode Fitting constant-only model: Iteration 0: log likelihood = -101.89137 Iteration 1: log likelihood = -100.67262 Iteration 2: log likelihood = -100.67214 Iteration 3: log likelihood = -100.67214 Fitting full model: Iteration 0: log likelihood = -100.67214 Iteration 1: log likelihood = -91.46859 Iteration 2: log likelihood = -87.242068 Iteration 3: log likelihood = -87.18208 Iteration 4: log likelihood = -87.182052 Iteration 5: log likelihood = -87.182052 Weibull regression -- log relative-hazard form No. of subjects = 97 Number of obs = 1757 No. of failures = 74 Time at risk = 1757 LR chi2(9) = 26.98 Log likelihood = -87.182052 Prob > chi2 = 0.0014 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ _t | Haz. Ratio Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- year1 | 1.016807 .0100244 1.69 0.091 .9973485 1.036646 lgdp | .8282865 .125576 -1.24 0.214 .6153618 1.114887 grgdpch | .3828126 .5668692 -0.65 0.517 .0210148 6.973427 xconstl | 2.051322 1.569572 0.94 0.348 .457863 9.190347 xrcompl | .4084763 .2040087 -1.79 0.073 .1534774 1.08715 parcompl | 3.826463 1.920972 2.67 0.008 1.430457 10.23576 gc2 | 1.273567 .3529962 0.87 0.383 .7397638 2.192554 minaut | 1.708082 .5282461 1.73 0.083 .9316734 3.131509 autpow | 1.363928 .184246 2.30 0.022 1.046664 1.777362 -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- /ln_p | .186687 .133355 1.40 0.162 -.0746839 .448058 -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- p | 1.20525 .1607261 .9280368 1.56527 1/p | .8297034 .1106451 .6388676 1.077544 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . stcurve, hazard; . log close; log: C:\DATA\ethdis-replication.txt log type: text closed on: 25 May 2009, 12:29:21 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------